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FAQ
No. Disallow stops crawling, not indexing — a blocked URL can still appear in results (without a snippet) if other pages link to it. To keep a page out of the index, allow crawling and use noindex in a meta robots tag or the X-Robots-Tag header.
Only one group applies: the one with the most specific matching user agent. If there is a User-agent: Googlebot group, Googlebot ignores the * group completely — rules are not combined.
No. Google renders pages like a browser; blocking the files it needs to render leads to a broken view of your page and can hurt rankings.
A 4xx means "no restrictions" — everything may be crawled. A 5xx makes Google treat the site as fully disallowed until the file is reachable again, which is why a broken robots.txt can stop crawling of an entire site.
Bing and Yandex respect it; Googlebot ignores it and adjusts its crawl rate automatically.
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