Tests: Update to TypeScript

[joryphillips]

This PR updates test infrastructure to @web/test-runner per #240 and converts all test files to TypeScript.

Some notes on methodology:

• Tried to do the minimum I could and did not think too hard about how tests might be better, except where I ran into problems (see below)
• Removed excess requestAnimationFrames (via cycle() or nextFrame()) where they were clearly duplicative or superfluous. However, I left some in places where they might not be strictly needed for a passing test, but seem good for testing: for instance, after a useState or similar value is updated.
• Needed to make some minor typing changes in source code to make TS happy for some tests.
• Also needed to import from src instead of compiled code for this to work. Otherwise we get Error: Invalid template provided - string or lit-html TemplateResult is supported
• useEffect and useController tests are where I hit the biggest issues (which were not that big). I added comments or updated code to reflect my findings & understanding of intended direction.
• There were a couple failing things in types-test.ts; I added changes & comments to highlight these. After some investigation of those issues and landing this PR, we can probably delete that file.
• I think after we update the build system to Rollup we can remove the .js from imports in those test files. I needed to add those extensions for make to work correctly.

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[matthewp]

Yes! Thank you so much! I'll leave it to @bennypowers to give their blessing as I know they've been wanting to move to @web/test-runner for a while. This is huge @joryphillips !

I think after we update the build system to Rollup we can remove the .js from imports in those test files. I needed to add those extensions for make to work correctly.

Not a hill to die on, but I think we should keep them anyways and not rely on node_modules resolution.