Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Concepts in Python

This folder contains a comprehensive collection of OOP concepts implemented in Python, organized for easy learning and reference.

📁 Folder Structure

poop/
├── 00_oop_overview.py          # Complete OOP overview and introduction
├── 01_properties.py            # @property decorator and getters/setters
├── 02_aggregation.py           # Aggregation (has-a relationship)
├── 03_inheritance.py           # Inheritance (is-a relationship)
├── 04_composition.py           # Composition (owns-a relationship)
├── 05_class_methods.py         # @classmethod decorator
├── 06_static_methods.py        # @staticmethod decorator
├── 07_super_keyword.py         # super() function usage
├── 08_magic_methods.py         # Dunder methods (__init__, __str__, etc.)
├── 09_nested_classes.py        # Classes within classes
├── 10_class_variables.py       # Class vs Instance variables
├── 11_encapsulation.py         # Private attributes and data hiding
├── 12_polymorphism.py          # Method overriding and polymorphism
├── 13_abstract_classes.py      # Abstract base classes
├── 14_interfaces.py            # Interfaces and protocols
├── 15_design_patterns.py       # Common design patterns
├── 16_practice_exercises.py    # Hands-on exercises
└── README.md                   # This file

🎯 Learning Path

Level 1: Fundamentals

1. 00_oop_overview.py - Start here! Complete overview of OOP concepts
2. 01_properties.py - Understanding property decorators
3. 10_class_variables.py - Class vs instance variables
4. 11_encapsulation.py - Data hiding and private attributes

Level 2: Relationships

5. 03_inheritance.py - Class inheritance and code reuse
6. 02_aggregation.py - Loose coupling (has-a relationship)
7. 04_composition.py - Strong coupling (owns-a relationship)
8. 07_super_keyword.py - Accessing parent class methods

Level 3: Advanced Methods

9. 05_class_methods.py - Class-level operations
10. 06_static_methods.py - Utility functions
11. 08_magic_methods.py - Special Python methods
12. 09_nested_classes.py - Class organization

Level 4: Advanced Concepts

13. 12_polymorphism.py - Method overriding and flexibility
14. 13_abstract_classes.py - Abstract base classes
15. 14_interfaces.py - Interface contracts and protocols

Level 5: Design & Practice

16. 15_design_patterns.py - Common OOP design patterns
17. 16_practice_exercises.py - Test your knowledge

🚀 How to Use This Folder

For Beginners:

1. Start with 00_oop_overview.py to understand the big picture
2. Work through files 01-11 in order
3. Run each file to see examples in action
4. Modify the examples to experiment

For Intermediate Learners:

1. Review files 01-11 quickly
2. Focus on files 12-15 for advanced concepts
3. Complete the exercises in 16_practice_exercises.py
4. Create your own examples

For Advanced Learners:

1. Study the design patterns in 15_design_patterns.py
2. Implement the exercises in 16_practice_exercises.py
3. Extend the examples with your own implementations
4. Use as reference for real projects

🧪 Running the Examples

Each file can be run independently:

python 00_oop_overview.py
python 01_properties.py
python 02_aggregation.py
# ... and so on

📚 Key OOP Concepts Covered

Four Pillars of OOP:

1. Encapsulation - Bundling data and methods
2. Inheritance - Code reuse through class hierarchy
3. Polymorphism - Same interface, different implementations
4. Abstraction - Hiding complex details

Python-Specific Features:

• @property decorators
• @classmethod and @staticmethod
• Magic methods (dunder methods)
• Abstract base classes (ABC)
• Protocols and structural typing
• Mixins and multiple inheritance

Design Patterns:

• Singleton Pattern
• Factory Pattern
• Observer Pattern
• Strategy Pattern
• Decorator Pattern

🔧 Prerequisites

• Python 3.7+ (for type hints and some features)
• Basic understanding of Python syntax
• No external packages required (all examples use standard library)

💡 Tips for Learning

1. Read the comments - Each file has detailed explanations
2. Run the examples - See the concepts in action
3. Modify the code - Experiment with different values
4. Complete the exercises - Test your understanding
5. Build your own examples - Apply concepts to real problems

🎓 Next Steps

After mastering these concepts:

1. Apply to real projects - Use OOP in your own code
2. Study advanced patterns - Learn more design patterns
3. Explore frameworks - Study how popular libraries use OOP
4. Practice with others - Code review and pair programming
5. Read OOP books - Deepen your theoretical understanding

🤝 Contributing

Feel free to:

• Add more examples
• Improve existing code
• Add new OOP concepts
• Fix any errors you find
• Suggest improvements

📖 Additional Resources

• Python Official Documentation
• Real Python OOP Tutorial
• Python Design Patterns
• Clean Code by Robert C. Martin

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Happy Learning! 🐍✨

This folder is designed to be your comprehensive guide to Object-Oriented Programming in Python. Take your time, practice regularly, and don't hesitate to experiment with the code!