A beginner-friendly yet comprehensive crash course on Python programming in 2025!
This repository covers fundamental to advanced concepts with practical examples, exercises, and real-world projects to help you build strong programming skills.
To get started, download and install the latest version of Python from the official website:
Make sure to check the option "Add Python to PATH" during installation.
We highly recommend using VS Code as your development environment for Python:
- Download VS Code: https://code.visualstudio.com/
- Install the Python extension from Microsoft via the Extensions tab.
- Use the integrated terminal to run Python scripts easily.
- Customize your workspace with themes, linters, and formatters for a better coding experience.
For additional learning, check out the highly recommended book:
📘 Python Crash Course by Eric Matthes
This book offers a hands-on, project-based approach to mastering Python programming.
Use the link below to access and download the Python book free of charge via Google Drive Python book free
📈 This chart shows the Top Programming Languages on GitHub (2014–2024), ranked by the number of distinct users contributing to repositories using each language.
- Python has risen to become the #1 most popular language on GitHub as of 2024.
- JavaScript remains strong, now ranked #2.
- TypeScript is rapidly growing and holds the #3 spot.
- The rise of Python is largely driven by its use in AI/ML, data science, automation, and web development.
- Languages like Objective-C and Ruby have declined in popularity.
This trend highlights the importance of Python in the current tech landscape and justifies why it's a great language to learn — especially for beginners looking to future-proof their careers.
A computer is an electronic machine that processes data and performs tasks according to instructions (programs).
- Input → Data you give it
- Processing → CPU & memory work on the data
- Output → Results you see, hear, or use
- Storage → Keeps data for future use
- 💻 Laptop → Used for study or work
- 📱 Smartphone → A small but powerful computer
- 🖥️ Supercomputer → Used in science, weather forecasting, AI, etc.
Programming is the process of creating a set of instructions that a computer can follow to perform specific tasks.
These instructions are written in a programming language such as Python, Java, or C++.
Programming allows humans to communicate with computers and build applications, websites, games, and even artificial intelligence systems.
- Programming = Giving instructions to a computer
- Done using programming languages
- Helps automate tasks, solve problems, and create software
- Used in every field: web, mobile, AI, data science, robotics, business software, and more
- Write Code → The programmer writes instructions in a chosen language (e.g., Python).
- Compile/Interpret → The code is translated into machine language that the computer understands.
- Execute → The computer carries out the instructions step by step.
- Output → The result is shown to the user (text, sound, images, etc.).
Programming languages sit on a spectrum from human-friendly (high-level) to machine-friendly (low-level). The choice affects readability, portability, performance, and control over hardware.
Definition: Languages that are close to natural human language and abstract away most hardware details.
Characteristics:
- Readable and concise syntax
- Automatic memory management (often)
- Portable across platforms
- Rich standard libraries and frameworks
- Slower (usually) than low-level due to abstraction
Common examples: Python, Java, JavaScript, Ruby, C#.
Simple example (Python):
# hello.py
print("Hello, world!")Typical use cases: web development, data science, automation, desktop/mobile apps, rapid prototyping.
Definition: Languages that provide little abstraction from a computer’s instruction set; they map closely to machine operations.
Characteristics:
- Direct hardware access and fine-grained control
- Manual memory management (often)
- Fast and efficient
- Harder to read and write
Types & examples:
- Machine code: binary instructions (0s and 1s) executed by the CPU
- Assembly language: human-readable mnemonics for machine instructions (e.g.,
MOV,ADD)
Simple example (x86-like assembly pseudo):
; move value 5 into register eax
MOV EAX, 5
; call OS to print or perform syscall (platform dependent)Typical use cases: operating systems, embedded systems, device drivers, performance-critical components.
| Aspect | High-level | Low-level |
|---|---|---|
| Readability | High | Low |
| Performance | Lower (usually) | Higher |
| Portability | High | Low |
| Control over hardware | Low | High |
| Learning curve | Easier | Steeper |
- Use high-level when you need speed of development, portability, and a large ecosystem (e.g., web apps, data analysis).
- Use low-level when you need maximum performance, minimal overhead, or direct hardware access (e.g., firmware, kernels).