Transformation failed after PromoteTo3D despite of WKT is correct and OGRSpatialReference .importFromWkt return OGRERR_NONE

[aharondavid]

PROJ version: 9.3
GDAL: 3.1.2
OS: WIndows 11

Code to reproduced:

std:: string srcWKT = "COMPD_CS["ENU (-77.410692720411:39.4145340892321) + EGM96 geoid height",PROJCS["ENU (-77.410692720411:39.4145340892321)",GEOGCS["WGS 84",DATUM["unknown",SPHEROID["WGS84",6378137,298.257223563]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]],PROJECTION["Orthographic"],PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",39.4145340892321],PARAMETER["central_meridian",-77.410692720411],PARAMETER["false_easting",0],PARAMETER["false_northing",0],UNIT["metre",1,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9001"]],AXIS["Easting",EAST],AXIS["Northing",NORTH]],VERT_CS["EGM96 geoid height",VERT_DATUM["EGM96 geoid",2005,EXTENSION["PROJ4_GRIDS","egm96_15.gtx"],AUTHORITY["EPSG","5171"]],UNIT["m",1],AXIS["Up",UP],AUTHORITY["EPSG","5773"]]]"

// WKT is correct and include UNIT["m",1] in VERT_CS in the right place
 
OGRSpatialReference srcOGRSpatialReference;
int error = srcOGRSpatialReference.importFromWkt(srcWKT.c_str());
// error is OGRERR_NONE
srcOGRSpatialReference.PromoteTo3D(NULL);




std:: string destWKT = "GEOGCS["WGS84 Coordinate System",DATUM["WGS_1984",SPHEROID["WGS 1984",6378137,298.257223563],TOWGS84[0,0,0,0,0,0,0],AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],AXIS["Latitude",NORTH],AXIS["Longitude",EAST],AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]]"

OGRSpatialReference destOGRSpatialReference;
destOGRSpatialReference.importFromWkt(destWKT.c_str());
destOGRSpatialReference.PromoteTo3D(NULL);


OGRCoordinateTransformation *pResult = OGRCreateCoordinateTransformation(&srcOGRSpatialReference,&destOGRSpatialReference);

//pResult is null

Error Result:
Cannot find coordinate operations from COMPOUNDCRS["ENU (-77.410692720411:39.4145340892321) + EGM96 geoid height",PROJCRS["ENU (-77.410692720411:39.4145340892321)",BASEGEOGCRS["WGS 84",DATUM["unknown",ELLIPSOID["WGS84",6378137,298.257223563,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1,ID["EPSG",9001]]]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,ANGLEUNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]]],CONVERSION["unnamed",METHOD["Orthographic (Spherical)"],PARAMETER["Latitude of natural origin",39.4145340892321,ANGLEUNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433],ID["EPSG",8801]],PARAMETER["Longitude of natural origin",-77.410692720411,ANGLEUNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433],ID["EPSG",8802]],PARAMETER["False easting",0,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],ID["EPSG",8806]],PARAMETER["False northing",0,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],ID["EPSG",8807]]],CS[Cartesian,2],AXIS["(E)",east,ORDER[1],LENGTHUNIT["metre",1,ID["EPSG",9001]]],AXIS["(N)",north,ORDER[2],LENGTHUNIT["metre",1,ID["EPSG",9001]]]],BOUNDCRS[SOURCECRS[VERTCRS["EGM96 geoid height",VDATUM["EGM96 geoid"],CS[vertical,1],AXIS["up",up,LENGTHUNIT["m",1]],ID["EPSG",5773]]],TARGETCRS[GEOGCRS["WGS 84",DATUM["World Geodetic System 1984",ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],CS[ellipsoidal,3],AXIS["latitude",north,ORDER[1],ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],AXIS["longitude",east,ORDER[2],ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],AXIS["ellipsoidal height",up,ORDER[3],LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],ID["EPSG",4979]]],ABRIDGEDTRANSFORMATION["EGM96 geoid height to WGS 84 ellipsoidal height",METHOD["GravityRelatedHeight to Geographic3D"],PARAMETERFILE["Geoid (height correction) model file","egm96_15.gtx",ID["EPSG",8666]]]]]' to BOUNDCRS[SOURCECRS[GEOGCRS["WGS84 Coordinate System",DATUM["World Geodetic System 1984",ELLIPSOID["WGS 1984",6378137,298.257223563,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],ID["EPSG",6326]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],CS[ellipsoidal,3],AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north,ORDER[1],ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,ORDER[2],ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],AXIS["ellipsoidal height (h)",up,ORDER[3],LENGTHUNIT["metre",1,ID["EPSG",9001]]],REMARK["Promoted to 3D from EPSG:4326"]]],TARGETCRS[GEOGCRS["WGS 84",ENSEMBLE["World Geodetic System 1984 ensemble",MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (Transit)"],MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G730)"],MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G873)"],MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G1150)"],MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G1674)"],MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G1762)"],MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G2139)"],ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],ENSEMBLEACCURACY[2.0]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],CS[ellipsoidal,3],AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north,ORDER[1],ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,ORDER[2],ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],AXIS["ellipsoidal height (h)",up,ORDER[3],LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],USAGE[SCOPE["Geodesy. Navigation and positioning using GPS satellite system."],AREA["World."],BBOX[-90,-180,90,180]],ID["EPSG",4979]]],ABRIDGEDTRANSFORMATION["Transformation from WGS84 Coordinate System to WGS84",METHOD["Position Vector transformation (geog2D domain)",ID["EPSG",9606]],PARAMETER["X-axis translation",0,ID["EPSG",8605]],PARAMETER["Y-axis translation",0,ID["EPSG",8606]],PARAMETER["Z-axis translation",0,ID["EPSG",8607]],PARAMETER["X-axis rotation",0,ID["EPSG",8608]],PARAMETER["Y-axis rotation",0,ID["EPSG",8609]],PARAMETER["Z-axis rotation",0,ID["EPSG",8610]],PARAMETER["Scale difference",1,ID["EPSG",8611]]]]'

[rouault]

Works on master when using projinfo directly

$ bin/projinfo -s 'COMPD_CS["ENU (-77.410692720411:39.4145340892321) + EGM96 geoid height",PROJCS["ENU (-77.410692720411:39.4145340892321)",GEOGCS["WGS 84",DATUM["unknown",SPHEROID["WGS84",6378137,298.257223563]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]],PROJECTION["Orthographic"],PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",39.4145340892321],PARAMETER["central_meridian",-77.410692720411],PARAMETER["false_easting",0],PARAMETER["false_northing",0],UNIT["metre",1,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9001"]],AXIS["Easting",EAST],AXIS["Northing",NORTH]],VERT_CS["EGM96 geoid height",VERT_DATUM["EGM96 geoid",2005,EXTENSION["PROJ4_GRIDS","egm96_15.gtx"],AUTHORITY["EPSG","5171"]],UNIT["m",1],AXIS["Up",UP],AUTHORITY["EPSG","5773"]]]' -t 'GEOGCS["WGS84 Coordinate System",DATUM["WGS_1984",SPHEROID["WGS 1984",6378137,298.257223563],TOWGS84[0,0,0,0,0,0,0],AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],AXIS["Latitude",NORTH],AXIS["Longitude",EAST],AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]]' --3d
Candidate operations found: 1
-------------------------------------
Operation No. 1:

unknown id, Inverse of unnamed + Ballpark geographic offset from WGS 84 to WGS 84 + EGM96 geoid height to WGS 84 ellipsoidal height, unknown accuracy, World, has ballpark transformation, at least one grid missing

PROJ string:
+proj=pipeline
  +step +inv +proj=ortho +lat_0=39.4145340892321 +lon_0=-77.410692720411 +x_0=0
        +y_0=0 +ellps=WGS84
  +step +proj=vgridshift +grids=egm96_15.gtx +multiplier=1
  +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg
  +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1

But not when using the WKT2 strings used internally by GDAL CoordinateTransformation:

$ bin/projinfo -s 'COMPOUNDCRS["ENU (-77.410692720411:39.4145340892321) + EGM96 geoid height",PROJCRS["ENU (-77.410692720411:39.4145340892321)",BASEGEOGCRS["WGS 84",DATUM["unknown",ELLIPSOID["WGS84",6378137,298.257223563,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1,ID["EPSG",9001]]]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,ANGLEUNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]]],CONVERSION["unnamed",METHOD["Orthographic",ID["EPSG",9840]],PARAMETER["Latitude of natural origin",39.4145340892321,ANGLEUNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433],ID["EPSG",8801]],PARAMETER["Longitude of natural origin",-77.410692720411,ANGLEUNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433],ID["EPSG",8802]],PARAMETER["False easting",0,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],ID["EPSG",8806]],PARAMETER["False northing",0,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],ID["EPSG",8807]]],CS[Cartesian,2],AXIS["easting",east,ORDER[1],LENGTHUNIT["metre",1,ID["EPSG",9001]]],AXIS["northing",north,ORDER[2],LENGTHUNIT["metre",1,ID["EPSG",9001]]]],BOUNDCRS[SOURCECRS[VERTCRS["EGM96 geoid height",VDATUM["EGM96 geoid"],CS[vertical,1],AXIS["up",up,LENGTHUNIT["m",1]],ID["EPSG",5773]]],TARGETCRS[GEOGCRS["WGS 84",DATUM["World Geodetic System 1984",ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],CS[ellipsoidal,3],AXIS["latitude",north,ORDER[1],ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],AXIS["longitude",east,ORDER[2],ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],AXIS["ellipsoidal height",up,ORDER[3],LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],ID["EPSG",4979]]],ABRIDGEDTRANSFORMATION["EGM96 geoid height to WGS 84 ellipsoidal height",METHOD["GravityRelatedHeight to Geographic3D"],PARAMETERFILE["Geoid (height correction) model file","egm96_15.gtx",ID["EPSG",8666]]]]]' -t 'BOUNDCRS[SOURCECRS[GEOGCRS["WGS84 Coordinate System",DATUM["World Geodetic System 1984",ELLIPSOID["WGS 1984",6378137,298.257223563,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],ID["EPSG",6326]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],CS[ellipsoidal,3],AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north,ORDER[1],ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,ORDER[2],ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],AXIS["ellipsoidal height (h)",up,ORDER[3],LENGTHUNIT["metre",1,ID["EPSG",9001]]],REMARK["Promoted to 3D from EPSG:4326"]]],TARGETCRS[GEOGCRS["WGS 84",ENSEMBLE["World Geodetic System 1984 ensemble",MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (Transit)"],MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G730)"],MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G873)"],MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G1150)"],MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G1674)"],MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G1762)"],MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G2139)"],ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],ENSEMBLEACCURACY[2.0]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],CS[ellipsoidal,3],AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north,ORDER[1],ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,ORDER[2],ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],AXIS["ellipsoidal height (h)",up,ORDER[3],LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],USAGE[SCOPE["Geodesy. Navigation and positioning using GPS satellite system."],AREA["World."],BBOX[-90,-180,90,180]],ID["EPSG",4979]]],ABRIDGEDTRANSFORMATION["Transformation from WGS84 Coordinate System to WGS84",METHOD["Position Vector transformation (geog2D domain)",ID["EPSG",9606]],PARAMETER["X-axis translation",0,ID["EPSG",8605]],PARAMETER["Y-axis translation",0,ID["EPSG",8606]],PARAMETER["Z-axis translation",0,ID["EPSG",8607]],PARAMETER["X-axis rotation",0,ID["EPSG",8608]],PARAMETER["Y-axis rotation",0,ID["EPSG",8609]],PARAMETER["Z-axis rotation",0,ID["EPSG",8610]],PARAMETER["Scale difference",1,ID["EPSG",8611]]]]'
Candidate operations found: 0

Can be simplified to:

$  bin/projinfo -s 'COMPOUNDCRS["ENU (-77.410692720411:39.4145340892321) + EGM96 geoid height",PROJCRS["ENU (-77.410692720411:39.4145340892321)",BASEGEOGCRS["WGS 84",DATUM["unknown",ELLIPSOID["WGS84",6378137,298.257223563,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1,ID["EPSG",9001]]]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,ANGLEUNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]]],CONVERSION["unnamed",METHOD["Orthographic",ID["EPSG",9840]],PARAMETER["Latitude of natural origin",39.4145340892321,ANGLEUNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433],ID["EPSG",8801]],PARAMETER["Longitude of natural origin",-77.410692720411,ANGLEUNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433],ID["EPSG",8802]],PARAMETER["False easting",0,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],ID["EPSG",8806]],PARAMETER["False northing",0,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],ID["EPSG",8807]]],CS[Cartesian,2],AXIS["easting",east,ORDER[1],LENGTHUNIT["metre",1,ID["EPSG",9001]]],AXIS["northing",north,ORDER[2],LENGTHUNIT["metre",1,ID["EPSG",9001]]]],BOUNDCRS[SOURCECRS[VERTCRS["EGM96 geoid height",VDATUM["EGM96 geoid"],CS[vertical,1],AXIS["up",up,LENGTHUNIT["m",1]],ID["EPSG",5773]]],TARGETCRS[GEOGCRS["WGS 84",DATUM["World Geodetic System 1984",ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],CS[ellipsoidal,3],AXIS["latitude",north,ORDER[1],ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],AXIS["longitude",east,ORDER[2],ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],AXIS["ellipsoidal height",up,ORDER[3],LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],ID["EPSG",4979]]],ABRIDGEDTRANSFORMATION["EGM96 geoid height to WGS 84 ellipsoidal height",METHOD["GravityRelatedHeight to Geographic3D"],PARAMETERFILE["Geoid (height correction) model file","egm96_15.gtx",ID["EPSG",8666]]]]]' -t EPSG:4979
Candidate operations found: 0

But using a GeogCRS as the horizontal CRS of the CompoundCRS works:

$ bin/projinfo -s 'COMPOUNDCRS["test",GEOGCRS["WGS 84",DATUM["World Geodetic System 1984",ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],CS[ellipsoidal,2],AXIS["latitude",north,ORDER[1],ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],AXIS["longitude",east,ORDER[2],ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]]],BOUNDCRS[SOURCECRS[VERTCRS["EGM96 geoid height",VDATUM["EGM96 geoid"],CS[vertical,1],AXIS["up",up,LENGTHUNIT["m",1]],ID["EPSG",5773]]],TARGETCRS[GEOGCRS["WGS 84",DATUM["World Geodetic System 1984",ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],CS[ellipsoidal,3],AXIS["latitude",north,ORDER[1],ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],AXIS["longitude",east,ORDER[2],ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],AXIS["ellipsoidal height",up,ORDER[3],LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],ID["EPSG",4979]]],ABRIDGEDTRANSFORMATION["EGM96 geoid height to WGS 84 ellipsoidal height",METHOD["GravityRelatedHeight to Geographic3D"],PARAMETERFILE["Geoid (height correction) model file","egm96_15.gtx",ID["EPSG",8666]]]]]' -t EPSG:4979
Candidate operations found: 1
-------------------------------------
Operation No. 1:

unknown id, EGM96 geoid height to WGS 84 ellipsoidal height, unknown accuracy, unknown domain of validity, at least one grid missing

PROJ string:
+proj=pipeline
  +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1
  +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=deg +xy_out=rad
  +step +proj=vgridshift +grids=egm96_15.gtx +multiplier=1
  +step +proj=unitconvert +xy_in=rad +xy_out=deg
  +step +proj=axisswap +order=2,1