planner: apply rule_partition_pruning when optimizing CTE under static mode (#51903)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #51903

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #51873

Problem Summary:

What changed and how does it work?

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No need to test

  • I checked and no code files have been changed.

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

None

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: qw4990, winoros

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[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2024-03-27 08:39:06.263454735 +0000 UTC m=+2057173.285701139: ☑️ agreed by qw4990.
• 2024-03-27 08:42:35.09207633 +0000 UTC m=+2057382.114322717: ☑️ agreed by winoros.

[qw4990]

/test check-dev

[tiprow]

@qw4990: No presubmit jobs available for pingcap/tidb@release-8.0

In response to this:

/test check-dev

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

❗ No coverage uploaded for pull request base (release-8.0@c5dc6c5). Click here to learn what that means.
The diff coverage is 100.0000%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##             release-8.0     #52148   +/-   ##
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  Coverage               ?   70.6576%           
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  Files                  ?       1477           
  Lines                  ?     438360           
  Branches               ?          0           
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  Hits                   ?     309735           
  Misses                 ?     109165           
  Partials               ?      19460           

Flag	Coverage Δ
unit	70.4490% <100.0000%> (?)

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Components	Coverage Δ
dumpling	53.9957% <0.0000%> (?)
parser	∅ <0.0000%> (?)
br	45.8103% <0.0000%> (?)