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Timers
The Pokemon Mini offers 3 general purpose timer units. Each timer is broken down into several blocks to provide it with variable clock rates, the ability to be broken down into two independent 8-bit timers, and each timer can generate two unique interrupts.
Each timer is configured using 6 registers, TIM_SCALE*, TIM_OSCI*, TIM_CTL*_L, TIM_CTL*_H, TIM_PRE*_L and TIM_PRE*_H. These registers provide the ability to change the clock rate of both the low and high 8-bits of the counter, set if there is a borrow chain to the upper 8-bits (16-bit counter mode) as well as enable and reset the timer (load counter from the preset). Beginning with the TIM_OSCI*, each timer has the ability to run from oscillator 1 (System Clock) or oscillator 2 (32768 Hz RTC Clock). The pre-scale is further decided by selecting one of 8 different pre-scale values from a table in the TIM_SCALE* register.
Further more, timers must be enabled individually (by setting the enable flag in TIM_SCALE* TIM_CTL*_L and TIM_CTL*_H) as well as by group (Upper half of TIM_ENA_OSCI1). TIM_ENA_OSCI1 disables oscillator 1 or 2 if either respective bit is clear ($10 and $20).
| Prescale | Clk Div. | Hz |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | CPU / 2 | 2000000 |
| 1 | CPU / 8 | 500000 |
| 2 | CPU / 32 | 125000 |
| 3 | CPU / 64 | 62500 |
| 4 | CPU / 128 | 31250 |
| 5 | CPU / 256 | 15625 |
| 6 | CPU / 1024 | 3906.25 |
| 7 | CPU / 4096 | 976.5625 |
Timer Prescale (Oscillator 1)
| Prescale | Clk Div. | Hz |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 32768 / 1 | 32768 |
| 1 | 32768 / 2 | 16384 |
| 2 | 32768 / 4 | 8192 |
| 3 | 32768 / 8 | 4096 |
| 4 | 32768 / 16 | 2048 |
| 5 | 32768 / 32 | 1024 |
| 6 | 32768 / 64 | 512 |
| 7 | 32768 / 128 | 256 |
Timer Prescale (Oscillator 2)
The timer control registers affect the values of the timers themselves. Enable must be set for timing, this means there are a total of 3 bits that must be enabled for any timer to begin counting. writing a logical 1 to a reset bit in a control register will cause that respective 8-bit section to copy the respective value out of preset. All timers count down. When any timer underflows, it's value is copied from the preset value.
When a timer is operating in 16-bit mode, all the upper-8 bit settings are unceremoniously ignored. Enables, reset and and everything no longer control the behavior of the timer. They remain writable, but they no longer actively function. This includes enables, resets and pre-scale values. The lower-8 bit configuration is effective over the full 16-bit value. Additionally, all lower-8 underflow IRQs are effectively disabled. The timer only presets when the full 16-bit value underflows.
Each timer provides two irqs. These IRQs appear to be fixed function, which provides the only known difference between Timers 1-2 and Timer 3.
Timers 1-3 have a primary IRQ, this fires anytime the upper 8-bit of the counter underflows (16- or 8-bit operations) The secondary IRQ of Timer 1-2 occurs when the lower 8-bit counter underflows (8-bit mode only) The secondary IRQ of Timer 3 occurs when the value of the counter becomes less than or equal-to the value in it's comparator. In 8-bit mode only the upper 8-bit of the value is used.
Timer 3 is also used for sound within the Pokemon Mini.