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# Incremental Build
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# Multi-Layer Build
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# OCI Image Layout
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# Squashfs Layer
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# Stacker Architecture
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# Build Image
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Stacker is a single static binary tool with most of the dependencies built into
the binary. Stacker, however, depends on specific kernel capabilities and system
tools to provide various features.

```bash title="Download Stacker"
wget https://github.com/project-stacker/stacker/releases/latest/download/stacker
chmod +x ./stacker
sudo cp ./stacker /usr/bin/stacker
stacker --version
stacker check
```
## Kernel dependencies

Stacker requires overlayfs backend, and that works with any kernel >= 4.14.
However, for unprivileged use, the overlayfs backend requires a reasonably new
kernel change available on all kernels >= 5.8.

!!! info

Overlayfs kernel patches required for unprivileged use:

* vfs: allow unprivileged whiteout creation - a3c751a50fe6
* ovl: unprivieged mounts - 459c7c565ac3

Some distributions may have ported these patches into older versions of their
kernels. For example, Ubuntu 20.04 and 22.04 kernels already have these patches.

Stacker has checks to ensure that it can run with all these environments
requirements, and will fail fast if it can't do something it should be able to
do.

```bash title="Stacker Check"
stacker check && echo "stacker is ready to use!"
```

## Overlay filesystem

An underlying overlayfs cannot back stacker since the stacker needs to create
whiteout files, and the kernel (rightfully) forbids manual creation of whiteout
files on overlay filesystems. No additional userspace dependencies are required
to use the overlayfs backend.

!!! warning

Do not use a overlayfs based filesystem as a storage for stacker root
directory.

## Unprivileged setup

Running stacker as an unprivileged user requires stacker to run inside a `user`
namespace owned by the user that executed the command, and stacker will try to
map `65k` user and group ids to meet the POSIX standard. So, to run stacker,
the user's `/etc/sub{u,g}id` should be configured with enough uids to map things
correctly. This configuration can be done automatically via
`stacker unpriv-setup`.

```bash title="Stacker unprivileged setup"
sudo stacker unpriv-setup
cat /etc/subgid
cat /etc/subuid
```

## Squashfs support

In order to generate squashfs images, stacker invokes the `mksquashfs` binary.
This binary needs to be installed and present in `$PATH`.

```bash title="Install mksquashfs on ubuntu"
sudo apt-get install -y squashfs-tools
```
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# Stacker - OCI-native Container Image Builder

Stacker is a tool for building OCI images natively via a declarative yaml format.

## Features

* Single binary
* Unprivileged builds
* Hermetically sealed builds using LXC containers
* [GitHub action](https://github.com/marketplace/actions/stacker-build-and-push-action)

### Installation

Stacker has various [build](installation.md) and [runtime](runtime.md)
dependencies.

### Usage

See the [tutorial](tutorial.md) for a short introduction to how to use stacker.

See the [`stacker.yaml` specification](stacker_yaml.md) for full details on
the `stacker.yaml` specification.

Additionally, there are some [tips and tricks](tricks.md) for common usage.

### Hacking

See the [hacking](hacking.md) guide for tips on hacking/debugging stacker.

### TODO / Roadmap

* Upstream something to containers/image that allows for automatic detection
of compression
* Design/implement OCIv2 drafts + final spec when it comes out

### Conference Talks

* An Operator Centric Way to Update Application Containers FOSDEM 2019
* [video](https://archive.fosdem.org/2019/schedule/event/containers_atomfs/)
* [slides](talks/FOSDEM_2019.pdf)
* Building OCI Images without Privilege OSS EU 2018
* [slides](talks/OSS_EU_2018.pdf)
* Building OCI Images without Privilege OSS NA 2018
* [slides](talks/OSS_NA_2018.pdf)

(Note that despite the similarity in name of the 2018 talks, the content is
mostly disjoint; I need to be more creative with naming.)

---
template: overrides/home.html
title: Stacker Build
---
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# License
```
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
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Copyright [2017-2022] [Cisco Systems Inc]

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

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```
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# Stacker CLI
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