Migrated from miniconda to official python bullseye docker image

[santacodes]

Description

This draft is in continuation to #3874 which was closed due to messy branches and the image failing to build IDAKLU solver on aarch64 linux. Initially the idea was to migrate to a single docker image of manylinux2014 which was compliant to PEP599, but due to some complications, the official python image along with venv were decided upon implementation, check #3874 discussions for more information.

Fixes #3692 and #3666

Type of change

Please add a line in the relevant section of CHANGELOG.md to document the change (include PR #) - note reverse order of PR #s. If necessary, also add to the list of breaking changes.

• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Optimization (back-end change that speeds up the code)
• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)

Key checklist:

• No style issues: $ pre-commit run (or $ nox -s pre-commit) (see CONTRIBUTING.md for how to set this up to run automatically when committing locally, in just two lines of code)
• All tests pass: $ python run-tests.py --all (or $ nox -s tests)
• The documentation builds: $ python run-tests.py --doctest (or $ nox -s doctests)

You can run integration tests, unit tests, and doctests together at once, using $ python run-tests.py --quick (or $ nox -s quick).

Further checks:

• Code is commented, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• Tests added that prove fix is effective or that feature works

[agriyakhetarpal]

Thanks @santacodes, happy to keep this as a draft for now for visibility. xref #3879 which needs to be resolved before we are able to come back to this.