gh-99266: fix wrong exception message in ctypes docs

[kamilturek]

This PR fixes the exception message in ctypes docs.

Closes #99266.

>>> strchr = libc.strchr
>>> strchr.restype = c_char_p
>>> strchr.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_char]
>>> 
>>> strchr(b"abcdef", b"def")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ctypes.ArgumentError: argument 2: TypeError: wrong type

• Issue: ctypes: wrong exception message in docs #99266

[kamilturek]

Also, it should be ctypes.ArgumentError instead of ArgumentError here and in a few other places. I can take care of it in a separate PR.