enable 3d weights for NVFP4Tensor

test/prototype/mx_formats/test_inference_workflow.py

@@ -218,3 +218,16 @@ def test_narrow_similar_to_vllm(self):
             gemm_kernel_choice=MXGemmKernelChoice.EMULATED,
         )
         self._test_narrow_similar_to_vllm(config)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not torch.cuda.is_available(), reason="CUDA not available")
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not torch_version_at_least("2.8.0"),
+        reason="torch.compile requires PyTorch 2.8+",
+    )
+    def test_nvfp4_quantize_3d_param_similar_to_vllm(self):
+        config = NVFP4InferenceConfig(
+            mm_config=NVFP4MMConfig.WEIGHT_ONLY,
+            use_triton_kernel=False,
+            use_dynamic_per_tensor_scale=False,
+        )
+        self._test_quantize_3d_param_similar_to_vllm(config)

test/prototype/mx_formats/test_nvfp4_tensor.py

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
         (torch.float32, (64, 128), False),
         (torch.bfloat16, (128, 256), False),
         (torch.bfloat16, (64, 128), True),
+        (torch.bfloat16, (1, 32, 64), False),
     ],
 )
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not torch.cuda.is_available(), reason="CUDA not available")
@@ -83,14 +84,20 @@ def assert_sqnr_gt_threshold(orig, new, threshold):
         f"Dtype mismatch: {x.dtype} vs {x_reconstructed.dtype}"
     )
 
-    x_nvfp4_t = x_nvfp4.t()
+    if len(x.shape) == 2:
+        x_nvfp4_t = x_nvfp4.t()
+        x_t = x.t()
+    else:
+        x_nvfp4_t = x_nvfp4.transpose(-2, -1)
+        x_t = x.transpose(-2, -1)
+
     x_reconstructed_t = x_nvfp4_t.to_dtype(dtype)
-    assert_sqnr_gt_threshold(x.t(), x_reconstructed_t, 8.0)
+    assert_sqnr_gt_threshold(x_t, x_reconstructed_t, 8.0)
 
-    assert x.t().shape == x_reconstructed_t.shape, (
+    assert x_t.shape == x_reconstructed_t.shape, (
         f"Transpose shape mismatch: {x.t().shape} vs {x_reconstructed_t.shape}"
     )
-    assert x.t().dtype == x_reconstructed_t.dtype, (
+    assert x_t.dtype == x_reconstructed_t.dtype, (
         f"Transpose dtype mismatch: {x.t().dtype} vs {x_reconstructed_t.dtype}"
     )
 
@@ -103,6 +110,7 @@ def assert_sqnr_gt_threshold(orig, new, threshold):
         (16, 32),
         (64, 128),
         (384, 128),
+        (1, 32, 64),
     ],
 )
 @pytest.mark.skipif(
@@ -115,8 +123,7 @@ def test_nvfp4_swizzled_scales_construction(is_swizzled_scales, shape):
     that the _is_swizzled_scales flag is set correctly.
     """
 
-    M, K = shape
-    data = torch.randn(M, K, device="cuda", dtype=torch.bfloat16)
+    data = torch.randn(*shape, device="cuda", dtype=torch.bfloat16)
 
     tensor = NVFP4Tensor.to_nvfp4(data, is_swizzled_scales=is_swizzled_scales)
     assert tensor._is_swizzled_scales == is_swizzled_scales
@@ -536,36 +543,43 @@ def test_nvfp4_to_copy():
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("use_triton_kernel", [False, True])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("is_swizzled_scales", [False, True])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "mk",
+    "shape",
     (
         (128, 64),
         (128 + 16, 64),
         (128, 64 + 16),
         (128 + 16, 64 + 16),
+        (1, 128, 64),
     ),
 )
 def test_scale_shape_matches_qdata(
-    transpose, use_triton_kernel, is_swizzled_scales, mk
+    transpose, use_triton_kernel, is_swizzled_scales, shape
 ):
     if use_triton_kernel and not is_sm_at_least_100():
         pytest.skip("CUDA capability >= 10.0 required for nvfp4 triton kernel")
     if use_triton_kernel and not is_swizzled_scales:
         pytest.skip("triton kernel requires swizzled scales")
 
-    M, K = mk
-
     block_size = 16
 
-    x_hp = torch.randn(M, K, device="cuda")
+    x_hp = torch.randn(*shape, device="cuda")
     x = NVFP4Tensor.to_nvfp4(
         x_hp, is_swizzled_scales=is_swizzled_scales, use_triton_kernel=use_triton_kernel
     )
 
-    m_dim, k_dim = 0, 1
-    if transpose:
-        x_hp = x_hp.t()
-        x = x.t()
-        m_dim, k_dim = 1, 0
+    if len(shape) == 2:
+        m_dim, k_dim = 0, 1
+        if transpose:
+            x_hp = x_hp.t()
+            x = x.t()
+            m_dim, k_dim = 1, 0
+    else:
+        assert len(shape) == 3, "unsupported"
+        m_dim, k_dim = 1, 2
+        if transpose:
+            x_hp = x_hp.transpose(-2, -1)
+            x = x.transpose(-2, -1)
+            m_dim, k_dim = 2, 1
 
     orig_m = x_hp.shape[m_dim]
     expected_padded_m = orig_m
@@ -587,3 +601,17 @@ def test_scale_shape_matches_qdata(
     assert expected_padded_k == actual_padded_k, (
         f"incompatible padded shape for dim {k_dim}: {expected_padded_k}, {actual_padded_k=}, {x.shape}, {x._scale_e4m3.shape}"
     )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not torch.cuda.is_available(), reason="CUDA not available")
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not torch_version_at_least("2.8.0"), reason="NVFP4 requires PyTorch 2.8+"
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("dims", ((1, 2), (2, 1), (-1, -2), (-2, -1)))
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("is_swizzled_scales", [True, False])
+def test_3d_transpose(dims, is_swizzled_scales):
+    x_hp = torch.randn(2, 128, 256, device="cuda")
+    x_nvfp4 = NVFP4Tensor.to_nvfp4(x_hp, is_swizzled_scales=is_swizzled_scales)
+    x_hp_t = x_hp.transpose(dims[0], dims[1])
+    x_nvfp4_t = x_nvfp4.transpose(dims[0], dims[1])
+    assert x_hp_t.shape == x_nvfp4_t.shape

torchao/prototype/mx_formats/inference_workflow.py

@@ -168,9 +168,9 @@ def _nvfp4_inference_linear_transform(
 
     weight = module.weight
 
-    if weight.shape[0] % 16 != 0 or weight.shape[1] % 16 != 0:
+    if weight.shape[-2] % 16 != 0 or weight.shape[-1] % 16 != 0:
         raise RuntimeError(
-            f"NVFP4 only supports weight shape divisible by 16, got {weight.shape}"
+            f"NVFP4 only supports weight shape with last 2 dims divisible by 16, got {weight.shape}"
         )
 
     if module.bias is not None and weight.dtype == torch.float32:

torchao/prototype/mx_formats/kernels.py

@@ -1391,6 +1391,10 @@ def triton_quantize_nvfp4(
             Since VLLM does not use dyanmo guards we need to make this a custom op
             to avoid the triton kernel being invoked w/ the wrong use of `MASK_SCALES`
         """
+        # reshape to 2d
+        orig_leading_dims, _orig_M, orig_N = x.shape[:-2], x.shape[-2], x.shape[-1]
+        x = x.reshape(-1, orig_N)
+
         M, N = x.shape
         # assert M % 128 == 0 and N % 64 == 0
         assert N % 16 == 0, "N must be divisible by 16 for NVFP4 quantization"
@@ -1431,6 +1435,10 @@ def triton_quantize_nvfp4(
             MASK_SCALES=MASK_SCALES,
         )
 
+        # reshape back to original shape
+        scales = scales.view(*orig_leading_dims, -1, padded_cols)
+        xq = xq.view(*orig_leading_dims, -1, N // 2)
+
         return scales, xq.view(torch.uint8)
 
     @triton_quantize_nvfp4.register_fake

torchao/prototype/mx_formats/mx_tensor.py

@@ -426,7 +426,12 @@ def tensor_size_hp_to_fp4x2(orig_size, is_contiguous):
     if is_contiguous:
         new_size = [*list(new_size[:-1]), new_size[-1] // 2]
     else:
-        new_size = [new_size[0] // 2, *list(new_size[1:])]
+        if len(orig_size) == 2:
+            new_size = [new_size[0] // 2, *list(new_size[1:])]
+        else:
+            assert len(orig_size) == 3, "unsupported"
+            # only supporting dim0, dim1, dim2 and dim0, dim2, dim1 orders
+            new_size = [new_size[0], new_size[2] // 2, new_size[1]]
     return new_size
 
 
@@ -435,10 +440,16 @@ def tensor_size_fp4x2_to_hp(orig_size, is_contiguous):
     if is_contiguous:
         new_size = [*list(new_size[:-1]), new_size[-1] * 2]
     else:
-        new_size = [new_size[0] * 2, *list(new_size[1:])]
+        if len(orig_size) == 2:
+            new_size = [new_size[0] * 2, *list(new_size[1:])]
+        else:
+            assert len(orig_size) == 3, "unsupported"
+            # only supporting dim0, dim1, dim2 and dim0, dim2, dim1 orders
+            new_size = [new_size[0], new_size[2] * 2, new_size[1]]
     return new_size
 
 
+# TODO(future PR): fix this function for rank 3 and add tests
 def tensor_size_hpx3_to_fp6x4(orig_size, is_contiguous):
     new_size = orig_size
     if is_contiguous:
@@ -448,6 +459,7 @@ def tensor_size_hpx3_to_fp6x4(orig_size, is_contiguous):
     return new_size
 
 
+# TODO(future PR): fix this function for rank 3 and add tests
 def tensor_size_fp6x4_to_hpx3(orig_size, is_contiguous):
     new_size = orig_size
     if is_contiguous:

torchao/prototype/mx_formats/nvfp4_tensor.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 # This source code is licensed under the BSD 3-Clause license found in the
 # LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
 
+import math
 import sys
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from enum import Enum
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ def __new__(
 
         new_size = tensor_size_fp4x2_to_hp(
             new_size,
-            qdata.stride(0) > qdata.stride(1),
+            qdata.stride(-2) > qdata.stride(-1),
         )
 
         self = torch.Tensor._make_wrapper_subclass(
@@ -174,21 +175,21 @@ def to_nvfp4(
         Returns:
             NVFP4Tensor: Quantized tensor in NVFP4 format
         """
-        assert len(data_hp.shape) == 2, "unsupported"
-        M, K = data_hp.shape[0], data_hp.shape[1]
+        assert len(data_hp.shape) in (2, 3), "unsupported"
+        leading_dims, M, K = data_hp.shape[:-2], data_hp.shape[-2], data_hp.shape[-1]
 
         if use_triton_kernel:
             assert is_swizzled_scales, "Triton kernel only supports swizzled scales"
-            assert data_hp.shape[1] % 16 == 0, (
-                f"Triton kernel requires K (dim 1) to be divisible by 16, got {data_hp.shape[1]}"
+            assert K % 16 == 0, (
+                f"Triton kernel requires K (dim -1) to be divisible by 16, got {K}"
             )
             blockwise_scales, data_lp = triton_quantize_nvfp4(data_hp, per_tensor_scale)
         else:
             blockwise_scales, data_lp = nvfp4_quantize(
                 data_hp, block_size, per_tensor_scale
             )
             if is_swizzled_scales:
-                scale_shape = (M, K // block_size)
+                scale_shape = (math.prod(leading_dims) * M, K // block_size)
                 blockwise_scales = to_blocked(
                     blockwise_scales.view(scale_shape)
                 ).flatten()
@@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ def to_nvfp4(
             # a 1x16 unpacked or 1x8 packed qdata tile corresponds to 1
             # scale element
             scale_M, scale_K = M, K // block_size
-        blockwise_scales = blockwise_scales.view(scale_M, scale_K)
+        blockwise_scales = blockwise_scales.view(*leading_dims, scale_M, scale_K)
 
         return NVFP4Tensor(
             data_lp,
@@ -225,22 +226,26 @@ def to_dtype(self, target_dtype: torch.dtype) -> torch.Tensor:
         Returns:
             torch.Tensor: Dequantized tensor in the target dtype
         """
-        is_transposed = self.qdata.stride(0) < self.qdata.stride(1)
+        is_transposed = self.qdata.stride(-2) < self.qdata.stride(-1)
         if is_transposed:
-            M, K = self.shape[1], self.shape[0]
+            leading_dims, M, K = self.shape[:-2], self.shape[-1], self.shape[-2]
         else:
-            M, K = self.shape[0], self.shape[1]
-        data = self.qdata.t() if is_transposed else self.qdata
+            leading_dims, M, K = self.shape[:-2], self.shape[-2], self.shape[-1]
+        data = self.qdata.transpose(-2, -1) if is_transposed else self.qdata
         data_unpacked = unpack_uint4(data.contiguous().view(torch.uint8))
         data_f32 = f4_unpacked_to_f32(data_unpacked)
 
-        data_f32 = data_f32.view(M, K // self._block_size, self._block_size)
-        scale_e4m3_reshaped = self.get_hp_scales().view(M, K // self._block_size, 1)
+        data_f32 = data_f32.view(
+            *leading_dims, M, K // self._block_size, self._block_size
+        )
+        scale_e4m3_reshaped = self.get_hp_scales().view(
+            *leading_dims, M, K // self._block_size, 1
+        )
         data_scaled = data_f32 * scale_e4m3_reshaped.to(torch.float32)
-        result = data_scaled.view(M, K).to(target_dtype)
+        result = data_scaled.view(*leading_dims, M, K).to(target_dtype)
 
         if is_transposed:
-            result = result.t()
+            result = result.transpose(-2, -1)
 
         return result
 
@@ -250,16 +255,18 @@ def get_hp_scales(self) -> torch.Tensor:
         Returns:
             torch.Tensor: Scales of the NVFP4Tensor
         """
-        is_transposed = self.qdata.stride(0) < self.qdata.stride(1)
+        is_transposed = self.qdata.stride(-2) < self.qdata.stride(-1)
         if is_transposed:
-            M, K = self.shape[1], self.shape[0]
-            scale_e4m3 = self._scale_e4m3.t()
+            leading_dims, M, K = self.shape[:-2], self.shape[-1], self.shape[-2]
+            scale_e4m3 = self._scale_e4m3.transpose(-2, -1)
         else:
-            M, K = self.shape[0], self.shape[1]
+            leading_dims, M, K = self.shape[:-2], self.shape[-2], self.shape[-1]
             scale_e4m3 = self._scale_e4m3
 
         if self._is_swizzled_scales:
-            scale_e4m3 = from_blocked(scale_e4m3, M, K // self._block_size)
+            scale_e4m3 = from_blocked(
+                scale_e4m3, math.prod(leading_dims) * M, K // self._block_size
+            )
 
         return (
             scale_e4m3.to(self._orig_dtype)
@@ -380,6 +387,9 @@ def nvfp4_slice(func, types, args, kwargs):
         raise ValueError("Only support aten.slice with step=1")
 
     assert x.qdata.is_contiguous(), "Only support contiguous data for now"
+    assert len(x.shape) == 2, (
+        f"only rank 2 is supported for slice, got rank {len(x.shape)}"
+    )
 
     M, K = x.shape[0], x.shape[1]
 
@@ -583,6 +593,28 @@ def nvfp4_t(func, types, args, kwargs):
     return new
 
 
+@implements([aten.transpose.int])
+def nvfp4_transpose(func, types, args, kwargs):
+    old, dim0, dim1 = args
+    assert len(old.shape) == 3, f"unsupported rank {len(old.shape)}"
+    valid_3d_dims = ((1, 2), (2, 1), (-1, -2), (-2, -1))
+    assert (dim0, dim1) in valid_3d_dims, f"transpose unsupported for {dim0=} {dim1=}"
+    new_qdata = func(old.qdata, dim0, dim1, **kwargs)
+    new_scale = func(old._scale_e4m3, dim0, dim1, **kwargs)
+    new = NVFP4Tensor(
+        new_qdata,
+        new_scale,
+        old._block_size,
+        old._orig_dtype,
+        old._per_tensor_scale,
+        old._act_per_tensor_scale,
+        old._is_swizzled_scales,
+        old.use_triton_kernel,
+        old.act_quant_kwargs,
+    )
+    return new
+
+
 @implements([aten.view.default])
 def nvfp4_view_op(func, types, args, kwargs):
     data = args[0].qdata

torchao/testing/utils.py

@@ -625,6 +625,18 @@ def _test_narrow_similar_to_vllm(self, config: AOBaseConfig):
                 f"shape mismatch: {orig_attr.shape} vs {new_attr.shape}"
             )
 
+    def _test_quantize_3d_param_similar_to_vllm(self, config: AOBaseConfig):
+        # this happens when vLLM loads empty MoE weights and quantizes
+        # them
+
+        dtype = torch.bfloat16
+        with torch.device("meta"):
+            l = torch.nn.Linear(1024, 1024, device="cuda", dtype=dtype)
+        l.weight = torch.nn.Parameter(
+            torch.randn(60, 2816, 2048, device="cuda", dtype=dtype)
+        )
+        quantize_(l, config)
+
 
 common_utils.instantiate_parametrized_tests(TorchAOBasicTestCase)
 common_utils.instantiate_parametrized_tests(TorchAOCompileTestCase)