reversevm •

Notes on Reverse Engineering EVM Bytecode.

Blueprint

lib
├─ ds-test
├─ solmate
src
├─ tests
│  └─ Greeter.t — "Greeter Tests"
└─ Greeter — "A Minimal Greeter Contract"

Development

First time with Forge/Foundry?

Don't have rust installed? Run

curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

Then, install foundry with:

cargo install --git https://github.com/gakonst/foundry --bin forge --locked

Dependencies

yarn setup

Run Tests

yarn test

Reverse Engineering

Prerequisites

Requirement: Install r2:

git clone https://github.com/radareorg/radare2
cd radare2 ; sys/install.sh

(UbInstall libjansson-dev:

sudo apt install libjansson-dev

Install evm using r2pm:

r2pm -gi evm

Install the iaito graphical interface:

r2pm -ci iaito

Disassembling

Compile Greeter.sol to binary code using solc:

solc ./src/Greeter.sol --bin-runtime -o ./out/ --overwrite
ls ./out/

We need to use --bin-runtime instead of --bin to exclude the prepended code for blockchain placement.

Now convert the hexadecimal format from solc into pure binary format using rax2:

rax2 -s < ./out/Greeter.bin-runtime > ./out/Greeter.bin-runtime.bin

Analyze with r2:

r2 -a evm ./out/Greeter.bin-runtime.bin

Then, enter aa for the first prompt:

[0x00000000]> aa
[Warning: set your favourite calling convention in `e anal.cc=?`
[x] Analyze all flags starting with sym. and entry0 (aa)

Next, disassemble 30 instructions with pd 30:

[0x00000000]> pd 30
┌ 1077: fcn.00000000 ();
│           0x00000000      60
│           0x00000001      80
...

License

AGPL-3.0-only

Resources & Acknowledgements

• Radare2 Book (select ayu color trust me :)
• Practical Eth Decompilation
• ICO Security Tips radare2
• foundry
• solmate
• Georgios Konstantopoulos for forge-template resource.

Disclaimer

These smart contracts are being provided as is. No guarantee, representation or warranty is being made, express or implied, as to the safety or correctness of the user interface or the smart contracts. They have not been audited and as such there can be no assurance they will work as intended, and users may experience delays, failures, errors, omissions, loss of transmitted information or loss of funds. We are not liable for any of the foregoing. Users should proceed with caution and use at their own risk.