ENH available_if reraises inner error

[thomasjpfan]

Reference Issues/PRs

Related to #28108

What does this implement/fix? Explain your changes.

With this PR, available_if now reraises the inner error along with the AttributeError. That way, we get the both AttributeErrors from the meta-estimator and the sub-estimator. For example:

from sklearn.pipeline import make_pipeline
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris

X, y = load_iris(return_X_y=True)
clf = make_pipeline(DecisionTreeClassifier()).fit(X, y)
clf.decision_function(X)

raises the following:

Exception

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)
File ~/Repos/scikit-learn-1/sklearn/utils/_available_if.py:29, in _AvailableIfDescriptor._check(self, obj, owner)
     28 try:
---> 29     check_result = self.check(obj)
     30 except Exception as e:

File ~/Repos/scikit-learn-1/sklearn/pipeline.py:53, in _final_estimator_has.<locals>.check(self)
     51 def check(self):
     52     # raise original `AttributeError` if `attr` does not exist
---> 53     getattr(self._final_estimator, attr)
     54     return True

AttributeError: 'DecisionTreeClassifier' object has no attribute 'decision_function'

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[2], line 7
      5 X, y = load_iris(return_X_y=True)
      6 clf = make_pipeline(DecisionTreeClassifier()).fit(X, y)
----> 7 clf.decision_function(X)

File ~/Repos/scikit-learn-1/sklearn/utils/_available_if.py:40, in _AvailableIfDescriptor.__get__(self, obj, owner)
     36 def __get__(self, obj, owner=None):
     37     if obj is not None:
     38         # delegate only on instances, not the classes.
     39         # this is to allow access to the docstrings.
---> 40         self._check(obj, owner=owner)
     41         out = MethodType(self.fn, obj)
     43     else:
     44         # This makes it possible to use the decorated method as an unbound method,
     45         # for instance when monkeypatching.

File ~/Repos/scikit-learn-1/sklearn/utils/_available_if.py:31, in _AvailableIfDescriptor._check(self, obj, owner)
     29     check_result = self.check(obj)
     30 except Exception as e:
---> 31     raise AttributeError(attr_err_msg) from e
     33 if not check_result:
     34     raise AttributeError(attr_err_msg)

AttributeError: This 'Pipeline' has no attribute 'decision_function'

[github-actions]

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[adrinjalali]

LGTM.

[glemaitre]

Thanks @thomasjpfan