cicd: update ubuntu runners to ubuntu-24.04

[dkropachev]

According to actions/runner-images#11101 ubuntu-20.04 is going to be depricated soon, we need to move to modern version.

Fixes: #447

• I have split my patch into logically separate commits.
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• I added relevant tests for new features and bug fixes.
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• PR description sums up the changes and reasons why they should be introduced.
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