django-guardian

django-guardian is an implementation of per object permissions [1] on top of Django's authorization backend

Documentation

Online documentation is available at https://django-guardian.readthedocs.io/.

Requirements

• Python 3.5+
• A supported version of Django (currently 2.2+)

GitHub Actions run tests against Django versions 2.2, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 4.0, and main.

Installation

To install django-guardian simply run:

pip install django-guardian

Configuration

We need to hook django-guardian into our project.

1. Put guardian into your INSTALLED_APPS at settings module:

INSTALLED_APPS = (
 ...
 'guardian',
)

2. Add extra authorization backend to your settings.py:

AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = (
    'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend', # default
    'guardian.backends.ObjectPermissionBackend',
)

3. Create guardian database tables by running:

   python manage.py migrate
   

Usage

After installation and project hooks we can finally use object permissions with Django.

Lets start really quickly:

>>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
>>> jack = User.objects.create_user('jack', 'jack@example.com', 'topsecretagentjack')
>>> admins = Group.objects.create(name='admins')
>>> jack.has_perm('change_group', admins)
False
>>> from guardian.models import UserObjectPermission
>>> UserObjectPermission.objects.assign_perm('change_group', jack, obj=admins)
<UserObjectPermission: admins | jack | change_group>
>>> jack.has_perm('change_group', admins)
True

Of course our agent jack here would not be able to change_group globally:

>>> jack.has_perm('change_group')
False

Admin integration

Replace admin.ModelAdmin with GuardedModelAdmin for those models which should have object permissions support within admin panel.

For example:

from django.contrib import admin
from myapp.models import Author
from guardian.admin import GuardedModelAdmin

# Old way:
#class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
#    pass

# With object permissions support
class AuthorAdmin(GuardedModelAdmin):
    pass

admin.site.register(Author, AuthorAdmin)

[1]	Great paper about this feature is available at djangoadvent articles.