print("hello wold"); #(#) it's use to comment print("hello\nwold")

(\n) it's use to print in next line

'''this is devendra'''

(''' & ''') it's use to maltiple line comment

''' (5) its called integer data type ("john")its called string data type (2.3)its called float data type (none)its called non data type (true/false)its bulien integer data type'''

sequence data type 1.list 2.tuple

dictionary data type => set data type

if you (name Name ) they are diffrent variable

are you use one function and run so resultent is last value you add

name = "ram"; print(name);
name="soniya"; print(name); rollnombber= 112; parcentage= 77; student =True;

this type we use to print more variable

print(name,rollnombber,student); print("my name is",name,"my rool numbber is ",rollnombber,"parcentage is ",parcentage,"i am a student",student); #this type we use to change mathimaticaly ; print("my new parcentage",parcentage-1); #(sep="") we use to creat sepretter; print(name,rollnombber,parcentage,student,sep="-");

ascii and unicode value;

ord()function is give you every cherecter numerical value (ascii to unicode);

#chr()function is give you numeric value change in ascii value; chr = "a"; print(ord(chr)); ascii = 68; #print(chr(ascii)); it's part of code but codn;t work;

taking input (input) is used to take value from user ;

worning: input value always give you string datatype;

NAME=input("enter your name");

we use "type" to now the type of data types

print(type(NAME));

type casting converting one data type to another data type;

'''ROLLNUMBER= (input("enter your roll number")); print(type(ROLLNUMBER + 1));'''

it's being pragent error ,becose string code not add any number;

#in next line "int" is a type casting ROLLNUMBER= int(input("inter your roll number")); print(type(ROLLNUMBER + 1));

we creat first project succsessfuly creat code for sum two number;

orthmatic operators

number1= 12; number2= 14;

sum(+)

print(number1+number2);

(-)

print(number1-number2);

maltiplai(*)

print(number1*number2);

divide(/)

print(number1/number2);

expocasion(**)" power me lekhne ke liye"

print( number1** number2);

flow dividion(//)

print("flow division",number1//number2);

modulo(%)

print("rimender",number1%number2);

Assignment operator

n1=5; n2=5; print(n1+n2);

n2+=n1( result n2(new) = n2(old)+n1);

n2+=n1;

n2*=n1( result n2(new) = n2(old)*n1);

n2*=n1;

n2-=n1( result n2(new) = n2(old)-n1);

n2-=n1;

n2/=n1( result n2(new) = n2(old)/n1);

n2/=n1; print(n1,n2);

#comparision operator #comparision operator give you bulion value (true\false);

chake equal( ==);

print(n1==n2);

chake not equal ( !=);

print(n1!=n2);

chake grater than(>);

print(n1>n2);

chake less than(<);

print(n1<n2);

chake greter than or equle(>=);

print(n1>=n2);

chake less than or equle(<=);

print(n1<=n2);

#logical operator

it's work on bulion value;

expration1=2>1; expration2=5<4;

(and) gave true only true and true combenation;

print(expration1 and expration2);

(or) give you false only on false or false;

print(expration1 or expration2);

(not) output give you oposite value ;

print( not expration1);

identity operator

x=5; y=5;

variable have same object ( is)

print(x is y); #variable have diffrent object( is not); print(x is not y);

#membership operator fruts=["banana","apple", "mongo","greps"];

(in) we use to check they are axist;

print("banana"in fruts);

(not in) we use to check they are not axist;

print("orenge" not in fruts);

bitwise operator

a=5; b=3;

and(&);

print(a&b); #or(|); print(a|b);

zor (^);

print(a^b);

not(~);

#print(a~b); #left sift( <<);

right sift(>>);

operators precedence

follow bord mass low during run program;

chapter2

conditionals and loops;

#control statements: they allow us to control the flow of program;

conditionals;

If - else;

number= float(input(" enter a number")); if number>0: print(" number is possitive");

then if and else those are feald then exgicute elif;

you use elif a more time;

elif number==0: print("number is zero") else: print(" number is negitive");

useing logical operation in if else

alresdy complet

n1=float(input("enter first number")); n2=float(input("enterr secound number")); n3=float(input("enter therd number"));

if a first is gretest number

if n1>n2 and n1>=n3: print(n1,"is gretest intiger number"); elif n2>n1 and n3>=n3 : print(n2,"is gretest intiger number"); else : print(n3,"is gretest intiger number");

useing nested if else

if n1>n2: #if n1 is gretest intiger number if n1>n3: print(n1,"is gretest intiger number"); else: print(n3,"is gretest intiger number"); else: print(n2," is gretest intiger number");

#match case

num1=int(input("enter first number")); num2=int(input("enter number 2"));

operator=input("enter opreter");

match operator: case "+": print("sum of number=",num1+num2); case "-": print("subtrection of number=",num1-num2) ; case "": print("prodect of number=",num1num2); case "/": print("division of number=",num1/num2); case _ : print("enter velid operator");

ternary operator

we use this mathedilogy to compres the code

a=int(input("enter a number for cheack even or odd"));

output= "even" if a/2==0 else "odd"; print( 'output is',output);

loops

1.for loop

in range first is starting and secound is stoping and third is term of incrige's i value by 1,3,5,2 etc

for i in range(1,11,3): print(i,"hello world"); #and use like this fruts=[ "bannana","mongo", "apple"]; for i in fruts: print(i);

2.while loop

i = 1 while i < 100: print(i) i += 1

print ***** in n colam and 4 row

n=int(input("enter a row number")) for i in range(1, n+1, 1): print(5 * "*")

print 1234 in 4 colam 4 row

for _ in range(1, 5, 1): print("1234")

#print 123456 in 6 row and 6 colam for _ in range(0,7,1): print("123456")

print privious example

n=int(input("enter number for drow petern")) for i in range(n): # number of row for j in range(1,n+1):# number of colum print(j , end="") print()

print 1,12,123 ,1234 this petern

n=int(input("enter number for drow petern")) for i in range(1,n+1):# loop for row for j in range(1,i+1): # loop for colum print(j , end="") print()

#print trengal petern
n = int(input("enter number of row number"))

for i in range(1,n+1): # loop for rows print(" " *(n-i), end="")

for j in range(1,2*i-1+1):
    print(j , end="")
print()

chapter 3

collection

list is muteableodderd,,idexing,dupplecate allowed, mix datatype,any datatype,

1.list

fruts=[ "apple","banana", "mongo"] # creat the the list print(fruts) # who to print a list print(type(fruts)) # check type of list print(len(fruts)) # check the length of the list

check banana in list

if "banana" in fruts: print(" banana in the list")

check not the list

if "chery" not in fruts: print(" chery is not in list")

indexying in list

print(fruts[2]) # mongo print(fruts[-3]) # apple print(fruts[0:2]) # apple mongo

adding elements to a list

use append to end of list

fruts.append("chery") print(fruts)

use insert to number of place in list

fruts.insert( 2,"greps") print(fruts)

use extend to end of list

frutss=[ " jaja"] fruts.extend(frutss) print(fruts)

remove in the list

fruts.remove("banana") print(fruts) fruts.pop(2) print(fruts)

changing the list

fruts[1] = "banana" print(fruts) fruts[1:3] = [ "greps"] print(fruts)

sorting a list

fruts.sort() # this is by difolt acending way print( fruts) fruts.sort(reverse=True) print(fruts)

list comprehension

new_list= [ fruts for fruts in fruts if "a" in fruts] print(new_list)

copy the list

new__fruts=fruts.copy() print(new__fruts)

new__fruts=new_list+fruts print(new__fruts)

nested list

fruts.insert(2,[ "civi,poteto"]) print(fruts)

change a member of list number

n = (int (input( "enter a number for number of list aliment")))

list=[] for _ in range(n): num=int(input()) list.append(num)

in1=int(input(" enter index")) in2=int(input(" enter index")) print(list)

sopping the value

temt=list[in1] list[in1] = list[in2] list[in2] = temt

print(list)

tuple

tuple is odderd,unmutable,idexing,dupplecate allowed, mix datatype,any datatype,

creating a tuple

color=( "red", "blue", "green")

if you want a make single variable tuple

fruits=("apple",)

check type of color

print(type(color))

check a lenght of tuple

print(len(color))

accessing a tuple

print(color[0])# this is positive indexing print(color[-1])# this is negitive indexing print(color[0:2])# this is range indexing print(color[-1:-3])# this is negitive indexing

check a variable in tuple

if "green" in color : print("green is part of tuple")

print a every variable of tuple (trivers the tuple)

for _ in color: print(_)

concetinet two tuple

new_color=("oreng","pink") color=color+new_color print(color)

unpaking a tuple

color1,color2,color3,color4,color5=color print(color1,color2,color3,color4,color5)

example

input_tuple=(1,2,3,4,)

list=[] for _ in reversed(input_tuple): list.append(_)

input_tuple=tuple(list) print(input_tuple)

2.sets

unodered,unidexing,inmuttable(unchange),dupplecate not allowed,any datatype,mixdatatype

how to creat a sets

name={ "siya","riya","roshana"} print(name) print(type(name))# check type of name print(len(name))# check length of set

accexing of items in a set

for x in name: print(x)

check if items in a list

if "siya" in name : print("siya is part of set")

adding a item in a set

name.add("shita") print(name)

if i want a add another siquians

name_list={ "rohan","mohit"} name.update(name_list) print(name)

remove a item in set

name.remove("riya") print(name)

discard function will not throw error if value is not in a set

name.discard("ram") print(name)

joining two set

s1={ 1,2,3,4} s2={ 4,6,7,8} print(s1,s2)

one way two join

s3=s1.union(s2) print(s3)

another way to join two set

s1.update(s2) print(s1)

if i want join two sets then i have only duplicate value will give me

s1.intersection_update(s2) print(s1)

keep all value accept duplicate

s1.symmetric_difference_update(s2) print(s1)

#example

given

ar1={1,5,12,20,40,80} ar2={6,7,20,80,100} ar3={3,4,15,20,30,70,80,120}

first wecheck a comman items in ar1 and ar2

ar1.intersection_update(ar2)

secondly we check ar1 and ar3 (another way "ar1.intersection_update(ar3)")

set=ar1.intersection_update(ar3) print(set)

3.dictionary

odered, changeable,unidex,duplecate not allow(for key),any data type

how to create a dictionary

phone={ "reya": 124578, "ram": 123654, "sona":32654 } print(phone) print(type(phone))# check a type of phone print(len(phone))# check a length of dictionary

#accesing of item print(phone["ram"]) print(phone.get("ram"))

print all of the key

print(phone.keys())

update value in dict

phone["ram"]=12546 print(phone)

add items

phone["jhon"]=789456 print(phone)

another dictionary add

new_phone={ "roma":456321 } phone.update(new_phone) print(phone)

remove items in dict

phone.pop("roma") print(phone)

phone.popitem()# this will remove last add item print(phone)

#phone.clear()# this will empty over dict #print(phone)

how can loop use

for x in phone: print(x) '''for n in phone: print(phone(n))'''

for x in phone.items():# x change x,y then x is key and y is value print(x)

nested dict

phones={ "area1":{ "x":1, "y":5, "z":4 }, "area2":{ "a":8, "b":7, "c":6 } } print(phones["area1"]["x"])

#example dict={ "a":100, "b":200, "c":300 } print("sum of the number is",sum(dict.values()))

example

Example

input_string = input("Enter a string: ") a = int(input("Enter a number for start mirror operation: "))

Create a dictionary for mirror operation

alphabets = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" reversed_alphabets = alphabets[::-1] dict1 = dict(zip(alphabets, reversed_alphabets))

Find the parts of the alphabet to apply a mirror operation

prefix = input_string[0:a-1] suffix = input_string[a-1:]

Finding the mirror string

string = "" for char in suffix:#this is another way "for i in range[0,len(sfix)]:string=string+dict1[sfix(i)]" string += dict1[char] if char in dict1 else char

Create the final string

result = prefix + string print("The result is:", result)

chapter 4

function

what And why we run same program agen and agen to solve same problem there for we use function to save your time

type of function : 1 bult in 2 user defind

wright a function thet print hello

def printhello(): # which was a body of function print("hell wold")

call a function

printhello()

which function add which take two number return there sum

def adding(n1=0,n2=0): sum = n1 + n2 return sum

x=3 y=4 print( " the sum is",adding(x,y))

possition argument

print( "this is sum of ", adding(5,4))

keyword argument ( name argument)

print( "this is sum of ", adding(n1=5,n2=4))

difolt argument

print( "this is sum of ", adding(5,))

arbitry argumdent( there we use maltiple value)

def addallnumber(*arg): sum = 0 for i in arg: sum+=i return sum

output=addallnumber(1,2,3,4,4) print(" addallnumber",output)

#keyword argument def studentinput(**lenvariable): for x,y in lenvariable.items(): print(x,y)

studentinput(name="ram",age=22,city="jaipur")

nested function

def ram (n1,): y=n1 def jai (n2): for i in jai: y+=i return sum

pass by value

def addone(x): x = x+1 print("pass by value x:",x)# its could not change origlan value

x=5 addone(x) print("og value x",x) #pass by reference def modifinglist(list): list.append(4) print("inside function",list)# effect the orignal value

list=[ 1,2,3] modifinglist(list) print( "og value", list)

built-in function

learn this your self becose built in function is more amout exist

Example: Create a function to calculate factorial

def factorial(n): ans = 1 if n == 0: ans = 1 else: for i in range(1, n + 1): # Use parentheses for range, not square brackets ans *= i

return ans

Enter an input

n = int(input("Enter a number to calculate its factorial: "))

output = factorial(n) print("The factorial is", output)

chapter 5

recursion

def fectorial(n):

#base case
if n==0:
    return 1

# recursive case
ans =n * fectorial(n-1)
return ans

n=int(input("enter a number")) print(fectorial(n))

example

print number 54321

def num(n): #base case if n==0: return

print(n)

recursive case

num(n-1)

print(num(5))

example sum of n number

def sum(n):

# base case 
if n == 1:
    return 1

# recesive 
ans = n+sum(n-1)
return ans

n = int(input("enter a number")) print(sum(n))

example a the pawer b

def power(a,b):

# base case 
if b ==0:
    return 1

#recursive case
ans = a*power(a,b-1)
return ans

a=int(input("enter value of a")) b=int(input("enter value of b"))

print("power of a,b:",power(a,b))

fibunaki siquenc

def fibunaki(n):

if n == 1: # base case 
    return 0
elif n==2: # base case 
    return 1
else : # recursive case
    return fibunaki(n-1)+fibunaki(n-2)

n= int(input("enter a num")) for i in range(1,n+1): # if you did not write this row you take thet only value on number print(" fibunaki siriz",fibunaki(i))

chapter 6

strings

use single , doble,triple codes

inmutable, indexing

name = 'dev' name1 = "ram" name2 = '''shohan'''

print( name,name1,name2) print(type( name)) print(type( name1)) print(type( name2))

multiple line string in triple codes

peregraph = ''' dfjckd cdkcncjjsndds'''

exesing idex

print(name[1]) print(name1[1])

for i in name : print(i)

list=[ name for name in name] print(list)

lenth

print(len(name))

find a string and sub string

print(name.find("e")) # this retune index value

slicing a string

#use get a part of string print(name[:2]) print(name1[-1:-3]) # negitive idexing

midifaing

chage lower - uper case

str= name.upper() print(str)

#change uper - lower case str= name.lower() print(str)

for chapetalising a first leter of string

str = name.capitalize() print(str)

for striping or removing any triling space

str = ' sa ' print(str.strip()) print(str)

replace()

str="jai ram jai jai ram bolo ram ram shita ram"

ans=str.replace( "ram ","krishna",1)# if i am not give a time then chage the all substring

print(ans)

split()

str1= "riya shiya miya chiya" list=str.split(" ",) # if i give a number then only thet time split it print(list)

concetinet a string

str2= " hello world" str3= " what a great place this is"

print(str2+str3)

#format() student_name="pallawi" student_mark= 98

str="student name is {f1} and mark is {f2}".format(f1=student_name,f2=student_mark) print(str)

escape character

spesal string print to useing escape

chapter 7

oops (object orented progtamming)

#class from typing import Any

class student:

def set_name(self,name):
    self.name = name # class atributs

def get_name(self):
    return self.name

student1 = student() student1.set_name("ram") print(student1.name) print(student1.get_name())

student2 = student() student2.set_name("kanha") print(student2.name)

class Rectangle: def set_dimension(self, height, width): self.height = height self.width = width

def area(self):
    return self.height * self.width

def perimeter(self):
    return 2 * (self.height + self.width)

Creating an object

rectangle1 = Rectangle() rectangle1.set_dimension(4, 3)

print("Rectangle height and width:", rectangle1.height, rectangle1.width) print("This is the area:", rectangle1.area()) print("This is the perimeter:", rectangle1.perimeter())

#class constuctor class Rectangle: def init(self, height, width): self.height = height self.width = width

def area(self):
    return self.height * self.width

def perimeter(self):
    return 2 * (self.height + self.width)

Creating an object with height 4 and width 3

rectangle1 = Rectangle(4, 3)

print("Rectangle height and width:", rectangle1.height, rectangle1.width) print("This is the area:", rectangle1.area()) print("This is the perimeter:", rectangle1.perimeter())

atributs

access modifiers

public

#privet

#secur

inheritance

class perent: def init(self) : self.super_atribut = True print("this is perent class")

class child(perent): def init(self): super().init() print("this is cild class") print(self.super_atribut)

child_object=child()

#example class Vihcal:

def __init__(self, sitting_capacity):
    self.sitting_capacity = sitting_capacity

def get_fear(self):
    return self.sitting_capacity * 100

class Bus(Vihcal):

def __init__(self, sitting_capacity):
    super().__init__(sitting_capacity)

def get_fear(self):
    the_vahcal_fear = super().get_fear()
    maintenance = 0.1 * the_vahcal_fear
    total = maintenance + the_vahcal_fear
    return total

vahcal1 = Vihcal(15) print("This is a Vihcal fear:", vahcal1.get_fear())

bus1 = Bus(15) print("Bus fear is:", bus1.get_fear())

#polymorphism

#comple time polymorphism

#run time polymorphism

abstraction

#encapsulation

exception handling in oops

#try #except #finally

If I ==10 Break(loop ko off ) \continue(value ko jump )

Doc is a like comment but it’s not ignore buy reader and it’s write after the function name ether it’s not work it’s write like this( def name() ‘’’this is doc’’’ Print(name.doc) Pep 8 is help to python learning

The zin of python