🚀 Feature: Add an example for type checked linting with ESLint's Linter

[JoshuaKGoldberg]

fd3a718 added a packages/typescript-estree-standalone example showing parsing AST & types separate from ESLint. But external consumers will want to be able to run lint rules without accessing the file system. ESLint's Linter class is made for that. I'd like to add an example showing this too.