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feat(content): update story 26
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Co-authored-by: StoryMapper <storyMapper@ubilabs.com>
Co-authored-by: Patrick Mast <mast@ubilabs.net>
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3 people authored Dec 15, 2020
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27 changes: 1 addition & 26 deletions storage/stories/story-26/story-26-de.json
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Expand Up @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
},
{
"type": "image",
"text": "## Reality Check\r\n\r\nAlthough satellites allow a lot of ground to be covered in a short time, the observations taken by their sensors need to be calibrated with _in situ_ measurements taken with conventional instruments on or near the surface. Satellites in most cases can only measure the surface. In the case of the temperature of the ocean this means much less than the top millimetre, so sea-surface temperature from satellite needs to be combined with data from ship-tethered or free-floating underwater probes to form a complete picture of ocean temperature.\r\n\r\nEarth observation specialists work with subject specialists ‘in the field’. This fieldwork is often an important part of designing a new satellite instrument or testing a new way of using existing satellite data. Fieldwork might involve the deployment of fixed instruments on the ground, drifting or gliding instruments in the ocean, or aircraft or balloon flights in the atmosphere. Scientists may spend months isolated in remote research stations in Antarctica or on board a ship locked in the Arctic sea ice. Much of our knowledge of Earth’s past climate, which helps us understand how the climate might respond in the near future, comes from the analysis of ice cores extracted from the thick ice sheets of Greenland or Antarctica.",
"text": "## Reality Check\r\n\r\nAlthough satellites allow a lot of ground to be covered in a short time, the observations taken by their sensors need to be calibrated with _in situ_ measurements taken with conventional instruments on or near the surface. Satellites in most cases can only measure the surface. In the case of the temperature of the ocean this means much less than the top millimetre, so sea-surface temperature from satellite needs to be combined with data from ship-tethered or free-floating underwater probes to form a complete picture of ocean temperature.\r\n\r\nEarth observation specialists work with subject specialists ‘in the field’. This fieldwork is often an important part of designing a new satellite instrument or testing a new way of using existing satellite data. Fieldwork might involve the deployment of fixed instruments on the ground, drifting or gliding instruments in the ocean, or aircraft or balloon flights in the atmosphere. Scientists may spend months isolated in remote research stations in Antarctica or on board a ship locked in the Arctic sea ice. This ground-level work is an essential part of the calibration and validation of climate observations from space.",
"shortText": "# Reality Check\r\n\r\nAlthough satellites allow a lot of ground to be covered in a short time, their observations need to be calibrated with _in situ_ measurements taken on or near the surface. \r\n\r\n- fieldwork often an important part of designing a new satellite instrument \r\n- Earth observation specialists work with subject specialists ‘in the field’\r\n- fixed instruments on the ground\r\n- drifting or gliding instruments in the ocean\r\n- aircraft or balloon flights in the atmosphere\r\n- scientists may spend weeks on board ships \r\n- or months at remote research stations in Antarctica \r\n\r\nMuch of our knowledge of Earth’s past climate comes from the analysis of ice cores extracted from the thick ice sheets of Greenland or Antarctica.",
"images": [
"assets/sealevel_large_07.jpg",
Expand All @@ -84,31 +84,6 @@
"Taking soil moisture measurements in Sweden to support the development of ESA's BIOMASS satellite (FOI)",
"A wide-angle view from the joint French-Italian Concordia Research Station, located high on Dome C of the Antarctic Plateau, one of the coldest places on Earth (AP Salam)"
]
},
{
"type": "image",
"text": "## Climate Modelling\r\n\r\nAs well as measuring global and regional changes to climate variables, scientists build computer models of the climate system to fully understand the causes of the changes, and where they might lead. These are mathematical representations, based on physical, biological and chemical principles, that describe how components of the climate system interact. Powerful supercomputers are used to simulate the many complex interactions between climate components that in reality take place over many weeks, months or years. \r\n\r\nClimate models are constantly being improved by taking into account progressively more, and better linked, components of the Earth system. However, they are still only as good as the observations used to develop them. Climatologists, therefore, want specific, continuous and accurate observations that cover a long time period as the starting point for their work – and also to provide a ‘reality check’ on how well their models are performing.\r\n\r\nESA’s Climate Change Initiative provides observations from space that are used to meet both of these requirements. Scientists from the major climate research centres across Europe are working with Earth observation experts in a two-way collaboration: observations from space support the climate modelling, and the climate modellers advise the data scientists on how the data can better meet their needs.",
"shortText": "## Climate Modelling\r\n\r\nMeasurements of climate variables help scientists build computer models of the climate system: \r\n\r\n- mathematical representations of physical, biological and chemical processes \r\n- describing how components of the climate interact \r\n- running on powerful supercomputers \r\n- only as good as the observations used to develop them\r\n- need accurate observations over a long time \r\n- used as the starting conditions for models\r\n- and as a ‘reality check’ on performance\r\n- 50 essential climate variables (ECVs) identified \r\n- ESA’s Climate Change Initiative provides long-term observations from space for 22 ECVs\r\n\r\nClimatologists advise the satellite observation specialists on how to improve their data to facilitate its use in climate modelling.",
"images": [
"assets/cmug_large_14.jpg",
"assets/cmug_large_10.jpg",
"assets/cmug_large_15.jpg",
"assets/cmug_large_12.jpg",
"assets/intro_large_04.jpg"
],
"imageCaptions": [
"Cray XC-40 supercomputer used for climate modelling at the UK Met Office (Crown Copyright)",
"Components of the Earth's climate system (ESA)",
"A climate model divides the Earth's surface into grid cells and its atmosphere into layers (Laurent Fairhead/UPMC)",
"A climate model might run with a grid spacing of 90km, rather than the 30km grid used for weather forecasting (Crown Copyright)",
"Much of our knowledge of Earth’s past climate comes from the analysis of ice cores extracted from the thickest ice sheets (A Barbero, IPEV/PNRA)"
]
},
{
"type": "video",
"text": "## Ocean Colour to Carbon Flux\r\n\r\nOne example of how satellite data have been used to improve climate models is provided by the CCI Ocean Colour team’s measurements of chlorophyll concentration. Variations in the colour of the ocean allow us to map the distribution of phytoplankton around the world. These tiny marine organisms contain chlorophyll, just like plants on land, and are linked to key climate processes including the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the release of atmospheric aerosols that influence cloud cover.\r\n\r\nWhen the UK Met Office incorporated satellite-observed chlorophyll concentration in their ocean-biogeochemical model, it led to marked improvements in the how the model represented seasonal variations of phytoplankton and its distribution in the deeper parts of the ocean. The team also used the data to better model the exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and ocean. Comparing the outputs with a set of independent observations of sea surface carbon dioxide not only showed the model provided a better representation of the carbon cycle in some areas but also highlighted where the model needs to be improved.\r\n \r\nIt is important to get this right because it helps us understand how the way the ocean absorbs and releases carbon might change as a result of different amounts and patterns of warming. At the moment, the ocean is a sink for carbon emissions from human activities, so it is important to know how it may respond in the future.",
"shortText": "## Ocean Colour to Carbon Flux\r\n\r\nCCI Ocean Colour team has measured ocean chlorophyll concentration:\r\n\r\n- variations in ocean colour show the distribution of phytoplankton around the world\r\n- tiny marine organisms containing chlorophyll\r\n- linked to removal of CO2 from the atmosphere \r\n- and release of aerosols that influence cloud cover\r\n\r\nIncorporated into UK Met Office ocean-biogeochemical model:\r\n\r\n- improved representation of phytoplankton seasonal variation \r\n- and distribution in deeper parts of the ocean \r\n- better modelling of CO2 exchange between atmosphere and ocean\r\n- also showed where the model needs to be improved\r\n\r\nImportant to get this right, since the ocean is a large sink for carbon emissions from human activities.",
"videoId": "JFfLijv-lsA"
}
]
}
27 changes: 1 addition & 26 deletions storage/stories/story-26/story-26-en.json
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
},
{
"type": "image",
"text": "## Reality Check\r\n\r\nAlthough satellites allow a lot of ground to be covered in a short time, the observations taken by their sensors need to be calibrated with _in situ_ measurements taken with conventional instruments on or near the surface. Satellites in most cases can only measure the surface. In the case of the temperature of the ocean this means much less than the top millimetre, so sea-surface temperature from satellite needs to be combined with data from ship-tethered or free-floating underwater probes to form a complete picture of ocean temperature.\r\n\r\nEarth observation specialists work with subject specialists ‘in the field’. This fieldwork is often an important part of designing a new satellite instrument or testing a new way of using existing satellite data. Fieldwork might involve the deployment of fixed instruments on the ground, drifting or gliding instruments in the ocean, or aircraft or balloon flights in the atmosphere. Scientists may spend months isolated in remote research stations in Antarctica or on board a ship locked in the Arctic sea ice. Much of our knowledge of Earth’s past climate, which helps us understand how the climate might respond in the near future, comes from the analysis of ice cores extracted from the thick ice sheets of Greenland or Antarctica.",
"text": "## Reality Check\r\n\r\nAlthough satellites allow a lot of ground to be covered in a short time, the observations taken by their sensors need to be calibrated with _in situ_ measurements taken with conventional instruments on or near the surface. Satellites in most cases can only measure the surface. In the case of the temperature of the ocean this means much less than the top millimetre, so sea-surface temperature from satellite needs to be combined with data from ship-tethered or free-floating underwater probes to form a complete picture of ocean temperature.\r\n\r\nEarth observation specialists work with subject specialists ‘in the field’. This fieldwork is often an important part of designing a new satellite instrument or testing a new way of using existing satellite data. Fieldwork might involve the deployment of fixed instruments on the ground, drifting or gliding instruments in the ocean, or aircraft or balloon flights in the atmosphere. Scientists may spend months isolated in remote research stations in Antarctica or on board a ship locked in the Arctic sea ice. This ground-level work is an essential part of the calibration and validation of climate observations from space.",
"shortText": "# Reality Check\r\n\r\nAlthough satellites allow a lot of ground to be covered in a short time, their observations need to be calibrated with _in situ_ measurements taken on or near the surface. \r\n\r\n- fieldwork often an important part of designing a new satellite instrument \r\n- Earth observation specialists work with subject specialists ‘in the field’\r\n- fixed instruments on the ground\r\n- drifting or gliding instruments in the ocean\r\n- aircraft or balloon flights in the atmosphere\r\n- scientists may spend weeks on board ships \r\n- or months at remote research stations in Antarctica \r\n\r\nMuch of our knowledge of Earth’s past climate comes from the analysis of ice cores extracted from the thick ice sheets of Greenland or Antarctica.",
"images": [
"assets/sealevel_large_07.jpg",
Expand All @@ -84,31 +84,6 @@
"Taking soil moisture measurements in Sweden to support the development of ESA's BIOMASS satellite (FOI)",
"A wide-angle view from the joint French-Italian Concordia Research Station, located high on Dome C of the Antarctic Plateau, one of the coldest places on Earth (AP Salam)"
]
},
{
"type": "image",
"text": "## Climate Modelling\r\n\r\nAs well as measuring global and regional changes to climate variables, scientists build computer models of the climate system to fully understand the causes of the changes, and where they might lead. These are mathematical representations, based on physical, biological and chemical principles, that describe how components of the climate system interact. Powerful supercomputers are used to simulate the many complex interactions between climate components that in reality take place over many weeks, months or years. \r\n\r\nClimate models are constantly being improved by taking into account progressively more, and better linked, components of the Earth system. However, they are still only as good as the observations used to develop them. Climatologists, therefore, want specific, continuous and accurate observations that cover a long time period as the starting point for their work – and also to provide a ‘reality check’ on how well their models are performing.\r\n\r\nESA’s Climate Change Initiative provides observations from space that are used to meet both of these requirements. Scientists from the major climate research centres across Europe are working with Earth observation experts in a two-way collaboration: observations from space support the climate modelling, and the climate modellers advise the data scientists on how the data can better meet their needs.",
"shortText": "## Climate Modelling\r\n\r\nMeasurements of climate variables help scientists build computer models of the climate system: \r\n\r\n- mathematical representations of physical, biological and chemical processes \r\n- describing how components of the climate interact \r\n- running on powerful supercomputers \r\n- only as good as the observations used to develop them\r\n- need accurate observations over a long time \r\n- used as the starting conditions for models\r\n- and as a ‘reality check’ on performance\r\n- 50 essential climate variables (ECVs) identified \r\n- ESA’s Climate Change Initiative provides long-term observations from space for 22 ECVs\r\n\r\nClimatologists advise the satellite observation specialists on how to improve their data to facilitate its use in climate modelling.",
"images": [
"assets/cmug_large_14.jpg",
"assets/cmug_large_10.jpg",
"assets/cmug_large_15.jpg",
"assets/cmug_large_12.jpg",
"assets/intro_large_04.jpg"
],
"imageCaptions": [
"Cray XC-40 supercomputer used for climate modelling at the UK Met Office (Crown Copyright)",
"Components of the Earth's climate system (ESA)",
"A climate model divides the Earth's surface into grid cells and its atmosphere into layers (Laurent Fairhead/UPMC)",
"A climate model might run with a grid spacing of 90km, rather than the 30km grid used for weather forecasting (Crown Copyright)",
"Much of our knowledge of Earth’s past climate comes from the analysis of ice cores extracted from the thickest ice sheets (A Barbero, IPEV/PNRA)"
]
},
{
"type": "video",
"text": "## Ocean Colour to Carbon Flux\r\n\r\nOne example of how satellite data have been used to improve climate models is provided by the CCI Ocean Colour team’s measurements of chlorophyll concentration. Variations in the colour of the ocean allow us to map the distribution of phytoplankton around the world. These tiny marine organisms contain chlorophyll, just like plants on land, and are linked to key climate processes including the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the release of atmospheric aerosols that influence cloud cover.\r\n\r\nWhen the UK Met Office incorporated satellite-observed chlorophyll concentration in their ocean-biogeochemical model, it led to marked improvements in the how the model represented seasonal variations of phytoplankton and its distribution in the deeper parts of the ocean. The team also used the data to better model the exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and ocean. Comparing the outputs with a set of independent observations of sea surface carbon dioxide not only showed the model provided a better representation of the carbon cycle in some areas but also highlighted where the model needs to be improved.\r\n \r\nIt is important to get this right because it helps us understand how the way the ocean absorbs and releases carbon might change as a result of different amounts and patterns of warming. At the moment, the ocean is a sink for carbon emissions from human activities, so it is important to know how it may respond in the future.",
"shortText": "## Ocean Colour to Carbon Flux\r\n\r\nCCI Ocean Colour team has measured ocean chlorophyll concentration:\r\n\r\n- variations in ocean colour show the distribution of phytoplankton around the world\r\n- tiny marine organisms containing chlorophyll\r\n- linked to removal of CO2 from the atmosphere \r\n- and release of aerosols that influence cloud cover\r\n\r\nIncorporated into UK Met Office ocean-biogeochemical model:\r\n\r\n- improved representation of phytoplankton seasonal variation \r\n- and distribution in deeper parts of the ocean \r\n- better modelling of CO2 exchange between atmosphere and ocean\r\n- also showed where the model needs to be improved\r\n\r\nImportant to get this right, since the ocean is a large sink for carbon emissions from human activities.",
"videoId": "JFfLijv-lsA"
}
]
}
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