Could someone please show us how to deploy from GitHub Actions

[PaulRBerg]

My colleague @gavriliumircea and I have spent hours debugging our GitHub Actions workflow. We are trying to make it possible to deploy our Rust web server from within an Ubuntu-powered GitHub Action, to no avail.

We've gotten all sorts of errors, all related to the build target. It seems that GitHub is using x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu for their Linux distribution, whereas Vercel is expecting a musl target. Speaking of which, is it not clear why this is a requirement (some additional color in the README would be great).

Could someone give us some guidance, please? An example would be super duper helpful!

Cc @Brendonovich @ecklf @dglsparsons @mike-engel

[dglsparsons]

Hi @PaulRBerg.

If GitHub is using a different target by default then you will need to install the musl target via rustup, or use a pre-built action that does this for you.

We use musl as this statically links the binary, meaning we do not need specific C libraries available in the Serverless Function runtime.

I'll work on getting you a basic example that deploys via GH Actions 🙏

[dglsparsons]

Okay, here's a basic example that deploys via GitHub Actions.

https://github.com/dglsparsons/rust-vercel-demo/

The one endpoint it creates is available here.

Hope this helps!

[PaulRBerg]

Thanks very much, @dglsparsons we have made our CI script work with your help.

Some feedback for this repo: a section about GitHub Actions/ CI would go a long way. I'm sure others will be in our shoes in the future.

[PaulRBerg]

Update: installing Rust with the target x86_64-unknown-linux-musl was not enough. We've also had to install musl-tools using this action:

- name: "Install musl-tools to provide musl-gcc"
  uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@v1
  with:
    packages: "musl-tools"
    version: "1.0"

I suspect that this is because one of our dependencies required musl-tools.

Again, I think that documenting these processes in the README of this repository would be tremendously valuable for Vercel users who wish to deploy Rust-based APIs.

I could take a stab at a PR, but I'm pretty sure that I would butcher the explanation.

References:

• Install musl-tools actions-rs/toolchain#102 (comment)
• https://stackoverflow.com/q/72461117/3873510
• aarch64-unknown-linux-musl target on amd64 Linux fails? rust-lang/stacker#80

And:

See full CI error details

error: failed to run custom build command for ring v0.17.5

Caused by:
process didn't exit successfully: /home/runner/work/v2-services/v2-services/target/release/build/ring-327408199bad9369/build-script-build (exit status: 1)
--- stdout
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=RING_PREGENERATE_ASM
cargo:rustc-env=RING_CORE_PREFIX=ring_core_0_17_5_
OPT_LEVEL = Some("3")
TARGET = Some("x86_64-unknown-linux-musl")
HOST = Some("x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu")
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=CC_x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
CC_x86_64-unknown-linux-musl = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=CC_x86_64_unknown_linux_musl
CC_x86_64_unknown_linux_musl = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=TARGET_CC
TARGET_CC = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=CC
CC = None
RUSTC_LINKER = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=CROSS_COMPILE
CROSS_COMPILE = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=CRATE_CC_NO_DEFAULTS
CRATE_CC_NO_DEFAULTS = None
DEBUG = Some("false")
CARGO_CFG_TARGET_FEATURE = Some("fxsr,sse,sse2")
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=CFLAGS_x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
CFLAGS_x86_64-unknown-linux-musl = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=CFLAGS_x86_64_unknown_linux_musl
CFLAGS_x86_64_unknown_linux_musl = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=TARGET_CFLAGS
TARGET_CFLAGS = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=CFLAGS
CFLAGS = None
running: "musl-gcc" "-O3" "-ffunction-sections" "-fdata-sections" "-fPIC" "-m64" "-I" "include" "-I" "/home/runner/work/v2-services/v2-services/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/build/ring-288238f42a152ef2/out" "-Wall" "-Wextra" "-fvisibility=hidden" "-std=c1x" "-pedantic" "-Wall" "-Wextra" "-Wbad-function-cast" "-Wcast-align" "-Wcast-qual" "-Wconversion" "-Wenum-compare" "-Wfloat-equal" "-Wformat=2" "-Winline" "-Winvalid-pch" "-Wmissing-field-initializers" "-Wmissing-include-dirs" "-Wnested-externs" "-Wredundant-decls" "-Wshadow" "-Wsign-compare" "-Wsign-conversion" "-Wstrict-prototypes" "-Wundef" "-Wuninitialized" "-Wwrite-strings" "-g3" "-DNDEBUG" "-o" "/home/runner/work/v2-services/v2-services/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/build/ring-288238f42a152ef2/out/crypto/curve25519/curve25519.o" "-c" "crypto/curve25519/curve25519.c"

--- stderr

error occurred: Failed to find tool. Is musl-gcc installed?

error: failed to run custom build command for openssl-sys v0.9.95

Caused by:
process didn't exit successfully: /home/runner/work/v2-services/v2-services/target/release/build/openssl-sys-f28fdd44215f9e0c/build-script-main (exit status: 101)
--- stdout
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=X86_64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_OPENSSL_NO_VENDOR
X86_64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSL_OPENSSL_NO_VENDOR unset
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=OPENSSL_NO_VENDOR
OPENSSL_NO_VENDOR unset
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=CC_x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
CC_x86_64-unknown-linux-musl = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=CC_x86_64_unknown_linux_musl
CC_x86_64_unknown_linux_musl = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=TARGET_CC
TARGET_CC = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=CC
CC = None
RUSTC_LINKER = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=CROSS_COMPILE
CROSS_COMPILE = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=CRATE_CC_NO_DEFAULTS
CRATE_CC_NO_DEFAULTS = None
DEBUG = Some("false")
CARGO_CFG_TARGET_FEATURE = Some("fxsr,sse,sse2")
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=CFLAGS_x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
CFLAGS_x86_64-unknown-linux-musl = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=CFLAGS_x86_64_unknown_linux_musl
CFLAGS_x86_64_unknown_linux_musl = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=TARGET_CFLAGS
TARGET_CFLAGS = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=CFLAGS
CFLAGS = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=AR_x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
AR_x86_64-unknown-linux-musl = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=AR_x86_64_unknown_linux_musl
AR_x86_64_unknown_linux_musl = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=TARGET_AR
TARGET_AR = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=AR
AR = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=ARFLAGS_x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
ARFLAGS_x86_64-unknown-linux-musl = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=ARFLAGS_x86_64_unknown_linux_musl
ARFLAGS_x86_64_unknown_linux_musl = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=TARGET_ARFLAGS
TARGET_ARFLAGS = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=ARFLAGS
ARFLAGS = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=RANLIB_x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
RANLIB_x86_64-unknown-linux-musl = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=RANLIB_x86_64_unknown_linux_musl
RANLIB_x86_64_unknown_linux_musl = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=TARGET_RANLIB
TARGET_RANLIB = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=RANLIB
RANLIB = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=RANLIBFLAGS_x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
RANLIBFLAGS_x86_64-unknown-linux-musl = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=RANLIBFLAGS_x86_64_unknown_linux_musl
RANLIBFLAGS_x86_64_unknown_linux_musl = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=TARGET_RANLIBFLAGS
TARGET_RANLIBFLAGS = None
cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=RANLIBFLAGS
RANLIBFLAGS = None
running cd "/home/runner/work/v2-services/v2-services/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/build/openssl-sys-309c90de0034917a/out/openssl-build/build/src" && env -u CROSS_COMPILE AR="ar" CC="musl-gcc" RANLIB="ranlib" "perl" "./Configure" "--prefix=/home/runner/work/v2-services/v2-services/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/build/openssl-sys-309c90de0034917a/out/openssl-build/install" "--openssldir=/usr/local/ssl" "no-dso" "no-shared" "no-ssl3" "no-tests" "no-comp" "no-zlib" "no-zlib-dynamic" "--libdir=lib" "no-md2" "no-rc5" "no-weak-ssl-ciphers" "no-camellia" "no-idea" "no-seed" "no-engine" "no-async" "linux-x86_64" "-O2" "-ffunction-sections" "-fdata-sections" "-fPIC" "-m64" "-DOPENSSL_NO_SECURE_MEMORY"
Configuring OpenSSL version 3.1.2 for target linux-x86_64
Using os-specific seed configuration
Created configdata.pm
Running configdata.pm
Created Makefile.in
Created Makefile
Created include/openssl/configuration.h

---

---

*** OpenSSL has been successfully configured ***

---

*** If you encounter a problem while building, please open an ***
*** issue on GitHub https://github.com/openssl/openssl/issues ***
*** and include the output from the following command: ***

---

*** perl configdata.pm --dump ***

---

*** (If you are new to OpenSSL, you might want to consult the ***
*** 'Troubleshooting' section in the INSTALL.md file first) ***

---

---

running cd "/home/runner/work/v2-services/v2-services/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/build/openssl-sys-309c90de0034917a/out/openssl-build/build/src" && "make" "depend"
running cd "/home/runner/work/v2-services/v2-services/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/build/openssl-sys-309c90de0034917a/out/openssl-build/build/src" && MAKEFLAGS="-j --jobserver-fds=9,14 --jobserver-auth=9,14" "make" "build_libs"
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/crypto/bn_conf.h.in > include/crypto/bn_conf.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/crypto/dso_conf.h.in > include/crypto/dso_conf.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/openssl/asn1.h.in > include/openssl/asn1.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/openssl/asn1t.h.in > include/openssl/asn1t.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/openssl/bio.h.in > include/openssl/bio.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/openssl/cmp.h.in > include/openssl/cmp.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/openssl/cms.h.in > include/openssl/cms.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/openssl/conf.h.in > include/openssl/conf.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/openssl/crmf.h.in > include/openssl/crmf.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/openssl/crypto.h.in > include/openssl/crypto.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/openssl/ct.h.in > include/openssl/ct.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/openssl/err.h.in > include/openssl/err.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/openssl/ess.h.in > include/openssl/ess.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/openssl/fipskey.h.in > include/openssl/fipskey.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/openssl/lhash.h.in > include/openssl/lhash.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/openssl/ocsp.h.in > include/openssl/ocsp.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/openssl/opensslv.h.in > include/openssl/opensslv.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/openssl/pkcs12.h.in > include/openssl/pkcs12.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/openssl/pkcs7.h.in > include/openssl/pkcs7.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/openssl/safestack.h.in > include/openssl/safestack.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/openssl/srp.h.in > include/openssl/srp.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/openssl/ssl.h.in > include/openssl/ssl.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/openssl/ui.h.in > include/openssl/ui.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/openssl/x509.h.in > include/openssl/x509.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/openssl/x509_vfy.h.in > include/openssl/x509_vfy.h
/usr/bin/perl "-I." -Mconfigdata "util/dofile.pl" "-oMakefile" include/openssl/x509v3.h.in > include/openssl/x509v3.h
make depend && make _build_libs
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/runner/work/v2-services/v2-services/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/build/openssl-sys-309c90de0034917a/out/openssl-build/build/src'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/runner/work/v2-services/v2-services/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/build/openssl-sys-309c90de0034917a/out/openssl-build/build/src'
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/runner/work/v2-services/v2-services/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/build/openssl-sys-309c90de0034917a/out/openssl-build/build/src'
musl-gcc -I. -Iinclude -Iapps/include -fPIC -pthread -m64 -Wall -O3 -O2 -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fPIC -m64 -DOPENSSL_USE_NODELETE -DL_ENDIAN -DOPENSSL_PIC -DOPENSSLDIR=""/usr/local/ssl"" -DENGINESDIR=""/home/runner/work/v2-services/v2-services/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/build/openssl-sys-309c90de0034917a/out/openssl-build/install/lib/engines-3"" -DMODULESDIR=""/home/runner/work/v2-services/v2-services/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/build/openssl-sys-309c90de0034917a/out/openssl-build/install/lib/ossl-modules"" -DOPENSSL_BUILDING_OPENSSL -DNDEBUG -DOPENSSL_NO_SECURE_MEMORY -c -o apps/lib/libapps-lib-app_libctx.o apps/lib/app_libctx.c
musl-gcc -I. -Iinclude -Iapps/include -fPIC -pthread -m64 -Wall -O3 -O2 -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fPIC -m64 -DOPENSSL_USE_NODELETE -DL_ENDIAN -DOPENSSL_PIC -DOPENSSLDIR=""/usr/local/ssl"" -DENGINESDIR=""/home/runner/work/v2-services/v2-services/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/build/openssl-sys-309c90de0034917a/out/openssl-build/install/lib/engines-3"" -DMODULESDIR=""/home/runner/work/v2-services/v2-services/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/build/openssl-sys-309c90de0034917a/out/openssl-build/install/lib/ossl-modules"" -DOPENSSL_BUILDING_OPENSSL -DNDEBUG -DOPENSSL_NO_SECURE_MEMORY -c -o apps/lib/libapps-lib-app_params.o apps/lib/app_params.c
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/runner/work/v2-services/v2-services/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/build/openssl-sys-309c90de0034917a/out/openssl-build/build/src'

--- stderr
/bin/sh: 1: musl-gcc: not found
make[1]: *** [Makefile:2395: apps/lib/libapps-lib-app_libctx.o] Error 127
make[1]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
/bin/sh: 1: musl-gcc: not found
make[1]: *** [Makefile:2397: apps/lib/libapps-lib-app_params.o] Error 127
make: *** [Makefile:1413: build_libs] Error 2
thread 'main' panicked at /home/runner/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/openssl-src-300.1.3+3.1.2/src/lib.rs:573:9:

Error building OpenSSL:
Command: cd "/home/runner/work/v2-services/v2-services/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/build/openssl-sys-309c90de0034917a/out/openssl-build/build/src" && MAKEFLAGS="-j --jobserver-fds=9,14 --jobserver-auth=9,14" "make" "build_libs"
Exit status: exit status: 2

note: run with RUST_BACKTRACE=1 environment variable to display a backtrace
Error: Command failed with exit code 101: cargo build --bin create --quiet --release
Error: Process completed with exit code 1.