You can find a version of this documentation that is searchable and also easier to navigate at patroni.readthedocs.io.
There are many ways to run high availability with PostgreSQL; for a list, see the PostgreSQL Documentation.
Patroni is a template for you to create your own customized, high-availability solution using Python and - for maximum accessibility - a distributed configuration store like ZooKeeper, etcd or Consul. Database engineers, DBAs, DevOps engineers, and SREs who are looking to quickly deploy HA PostgreSQL in the datacenter-or anywhere else-will hopefully find it useful.
We call Patroni a "template" because it is far from being a one-size-fits-all or plug-and-play replication system. It will have its own caveats. Use wisely.
Note to Kubernetes users: We're currently developing Patroni to be as useful as possible for teams running Kubernetes on top of Google Compute Engine; Patroni can be the HA solution for Postgres in such an environment. To this end, there is a Helm chart that uses Patroni and Spilo to provision a five-node PostgreSQL HA cluster in a Kubernetes+GCE environment. (The Helm chart deploys Spilo Docker images, not just "bare" Patroni.)
Patroni originated as a fork of Governor, the project from Compose. It includes plenty of new features.
For an example of a Docker-based deployment with Patroni, see Spilo, currently in use at Zalando.
For additional background info, see:
- Elephants on Automatic: HA Clustered PostgreSQL with Helm, talk by Josh Berkus and Oleksii Kliukin at KubeCon Berlin 2017
- PostgreSQL HA with Kubernetes and Patroni, talk by Josh Berkus at KubeCon 2016 (video)
- Feb. 2016 Zalando Tech blog post
Patroni is in active development and accepts contributions. See our Contributing section below for more details.
We report new releases information here.
For Mac
To install requirements on a Mac, run the following:
brew install postgresql etcd haproxy libyaml python pip install psycopg2 pyyaml
To get started, do the following from different terminals:
> etcd --data-dir=data/etcd > ./patroni.py postgres0.yml > ./patroni.py postgres1.yml
You will then see a high-availability cluster start up. Test different settings in the YAML files to see how the cluster's behavior changes. Kill some of the components to see how the system behaves.
Add more postgres*.yml files to create an even larger cluster.
Patroni provides an HAProxy configuration, which will give your application a single endpoint for connecting to the cluster's leader. To configure, run:
> haproxy -f haproxy.cfg
> psql --host 127.0.0.1 --port 5000 postgres
Go here for comprehensive information about settings for etcd, consul, and ZooKeeper. And for an example, see postgres0.yml.
Go here for comprehensive information about configuring(overriding) settings via environment variables.
Patroni uses Postgres' streaming replication, which is asynchronous by default. Patroni's asynchronous replication configuration allows for maximum_lag_on_failover settings. This setting ensures failover will not occur if a follower is more than a certain number of bytes behind the leader. This setting should be increased or decreased based on business requirements. It's also possible to use synchronous replication for better durability guarantees. See replication modes documentation for details.
When connecting from an application, always use a non-superuser. Patroni requires access to the database to function properly. By using a superuser from an application, you can potentially use the entire connection pool, including the connections reserved for superusers, with the superuser_reserved_connections setting. If Patroni cannot access the Primary because the connection pool is full, behavior will be undesirable.