vitejs · hi-ogawa · Sep 26, 2025 · Sep 26, 2025 · Sep 26, 2025
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/error.test.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/e2e/error.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test'
+import { setupInlineFixture } from './fixture'
+import { x } from 'tinyexec'
+
+test.describe('invalid directives', () => {
+  test.describe('"use server" in "use client"', () => {
+    const root = 'examples/e2e/temp/use-server-in-use-client'
+    test.beforeAll(async () => {
+      await setupInlineFixture({
+        src: 'examples/starter',
+        dest: root,
+        files: {
+          'src/client.tsx': /* tsx */ `
+            "use client";
+
+            export function TestClient() {
+              return <div>[test-client]</div>
+            }
+
+            function testFn() {
+              "use server";
+              console.log("testFn");
+            }
+          `,
+          'src/root.tsx': /* tsx */ `
+            import { TestClient } from './client.tsx'
+
+            export function Root() {
+              return (
+                <html lang="en">
+                  <head>
+                    <meta charSet="UTF-8" />
+                  </head>
+                  <body>
+                    <div>[test-server]</div>
+                    <TestClient />
+                  </body>
+                </html>
+              )
+            }
+          `,
+        },
+      })
+    })
+
+    test('build', async () => {
+      const result = await x('pnpm', ['build'], {
+        throwOnError: false,
+        nodeOptions: { cwd: root },
+      })
+      expect(result.stderr).toContain(
+        `'use server' directive is not allowed inside 'use client'`,
+      )
+      expect(result.exitCode).not.toBe(0)
+    })
+  })
+})
diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/plugin.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/plugin.ts
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import {
   transformDirectiveProxyExport,
   transformServerActionServer,
   transformWrapExport,
+  findDirectives,
 } from './transforms'
 import { generateEncryptionKey, toBase64 } from './utils/encryption-utils'
 import { createRpcServer } from './utils/rpc'
@@ -1135,6 +1136,16 @@ function vitePluginUseClient(
           return
         }
 
+        if (code.includes('use server')) {
+          const directives = findDirectives(ast, 'use server')
+          if (directives.length > 0) {
+            this.error(
+              `'use server' directive is not allowed inside 'use client'`,
+              directives[0]?.start,
+            )
+          }
+        }
+
         let importId: string
         let referenceKey: string
         const packageSource = packageSources.get(id)

diff --git a/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/hoist.ts b/packages/plugin-rsc/src/transforms/hoist.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { tinyassert } from '@hiogawa/utils'
-import type { Program } from 'estree'
+import type { Program, Literal } from 'estree'
 import { walk } from 'estree-walker'
 import MagicString from 'magic-string'
 import { analyze } from 'periscopic'
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ export function transformHoistInlineDirective(
           node.type === 'ArrowFunctionExpression') &&
         node.body.type === 'BlockStatement'
       ) {
-        const match = matchDirective(node.body.body, directive)
+        const match = matchDirective(node.body.body, directive)?.match
         if (!match) return
         if (!node.async && rejectNonAsyncFunction) {
           throw Object.assign(
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ const exactRegex = (s: string): RegExp =>
 function matchDirective(
   body: Program['body'],
   directive: RegExp,
-): RegExpMatchArray | undefined {
+): { match: RegExpMatchArray; node: Literal } | undefined {
   for (const stable of body) {
     if (
       stable.type === 'ExpressionStatement' &&
@@ -165,8 +165,24 @@ function matchDirective(
     ) {
       const match = stable.expression.value.match(directive)
       if (match) {
-        return match
+        return { match, node: stable.expression }
       }
     }
   }
 }
+
+export function findDirectives(ast: Program, directive: string): Literal[] {
+  const directiveRE = exactRegex(directive)
+  const nodes: Literal[] = []
+  walk(ast, {
+    enter(node) {
+      if (node.type === 'Program' || node.type === 'BlockStatement') {
+        const match = matchDirective(node.body, directiveRE)
+        if (match) {
+          nodes.push(match.node)
+        }
+      }
+    },
+  })
+  return nodes
+}