ADD

PHP-知识体系结构.md

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+
+1. 服务器与部署
+2. PHP基础知识
+3. JavaScript与HTML基础知识
+4. 数据库基础知识
+5. Linux基础知识
+6. 编程实践
+
+
+
+# 计算机基础
+
+网站系统的结构： 
+操作系统： Linux  
+后端： PHP/Python/Ruby/Java
+前端:  JavaScript、HTML、CSS + iOS(OC、Swift), Android(Java), HTML5 
+数据库： MySQL、Redis、MongoDB
+
+
+# PHP基础知识
+
+### 字符串与编码
+
+### 正则表达式
+
+### PHP数组
+
+### PHP文件系统
+
+### PHP安全
+
+
+
+# Linux基础知识
+
+
+# 深入JavaScript与HTML/CSS
+
+
+# 综合项目实战、大规模网站开发技术
+
+
+# 其他知识：
+
+NodeJS
+
+Docker
+
+Vagrant
+
+

chapter1_basic/HTTP基础知识.md

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+# 深入HTTP协议
+
+HTTP协议和W3C组织
+
+用开发者工具分析HTTP数据包
+
+HTTP请求行、消息头、实体内容
+
+HTTP响应状态行、消息头和实体内容
+
+HTTP响应状态码详解
+
+HTTP协议的应用和实战

chapter1_basic/PHP7_安装.md

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+php7-install.md  
+
+使用源码编译安装PHP7
+
+2015年6月11日，PHP官网发布消息，正式公开发布PHP7第一版的alpha版本.
+
+### PHP7特性：
+
+PHP 7.0.0 Alpha 1使用新版的ZendEngine引擎，带来了许多新的特性，以下是不完全列表：
+（1）性能提升：PHP7比PHP5.6性能提升了两倍。 Improved performance: PHP 7 is up to twice as fast as PHP 5.6
+（2）全面一致的64位支持。 Consistent 64-bit support
+（3）以前的许多致命错误，现在改成抛出异常。Many fatal errors are now Exceptions
+（4）移除了一些老的不在支持的SAPI（服务器端应用编程端口）和扩展。Removal of old and unsupported SAPIs and extensions
+（5）新增了空接合操作符。The null coalescing operator (??)
+（6）新增加了结合比较运算符。Combined comparison Operator (<=>)
+（7）新增加了函数的返回类型声明。Return Type Declarations
+（8）新增加了标量类型声明。Scalar Type Declarations
+（9）新增加匿名类。Anonymous Classes
+
+### 系统环境：
+```
+Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ uname -mnprs
+Darwin Mac-mini.local 14.3.0 x86_64 i386
+
+Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ sw_vers
+ProductName:	Mac OS X
+ProductVersion:	10.10.3
+BuildVersion:	14D136
+```
+
+### 源码安装PHP7:
+
+PHP7下载地址：https://downloads.php.net/~ab/
+
+```
+$ wget https://downloads.php.net/~ab/php-7.0.0alpha1.tar.bz2
+$ tar jxf php-7.0.0alpha1.tar.bz2
+$ cd php-7.0.0alpha1
+
+$ ./configure
+... ...
+checking size of long... (cached) 8
+checking size of long long... (cached) 8
+checking for iconv support... yes
+checking for iconv... no
+checking for libiconv... no
+configure: error: Please specify the install prefix of iconv with --with-iconv=<DIR>
+
+```
+
+安装 libiconv (字符编码转换库)
+网站地址: http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/
+当前版本: http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
+
+```
+$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
+$ tar zxf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
+$ cd libiconv-1.14
+$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/lib/libiconv
+$ make
+$ sudo make install
+```
+
+
+配置参数
+```
+$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \
+--enable-fpm \
+--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php7/etc \
+--with-iconv=/usr/local/lib/libiconv \
+
+执行configure配置后，可以看到有如下结果：
+... ...
+Thank you for using PHP.
+
+config.status: creating php7.spec
+config.status: creating main/build-defs.h
+config.status: creating scripts/phpize
+config.status: creating scripts/man1/phpize.1
+config.status: creating scripts/php-config
+config.status: creating scripts/man1/php-config.1
+config.status: creating sapi/cli/php.1
+config.status: creating sapi/cgi/php-cgi.1
+config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.1
+config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.phar.1
+config.status: creating main/php_config.h
+config.status: executing default commands  
+WangTomdeMacBook-Pro:php-7.0.0alpha1 wangtom$ 
+```
+$ make
+$ make test
+$ sudo make install
+
+查看PHP7是否安装成功
+````
+WangTomdeMacBook-Pro:php-7.0.0alpha1 wangtom$ /usr/local/php7/bin/php -v
+PHP 7.0.0alpha1 (cli) (built: Jun 20 2015 00:04:19) 
+Copyright (c) 1997-2015 The PHP Group
+Zend Engine v3.0.0-dev, Copyright (c) 1998-2015 Zend Technologies
+
+Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/php7/bin/php /usr/bin/php7
+
+Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ php -v
+PHP 5.5.20 (cli) (built: Feb 25 2015 23:30:53)
+Copyright (c) 1997-2014 The PHP Group
+Zend Engine v2.5.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Zend Technologies
+
+Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ php7 -v
+PHP 7.0.0alpha1 (cli) (built: Jun 23 2015 17:24:34)
+Copyright (c) 1997-2015 The PHP Group
+Zend Engine v3.0.0-dev, Copyright (c) 1998-2015 Zend Technologies
+
+Mac-mini:php-fpm.d WangTom$ which php
+/usr/bin/php
+Mac-mini:php-fpm.d WangTom$ which php7
+/usr/bin/php7
+```
+
+### 配置PHP-FPM： 
+
+Nginx不支持对外部程序的直接调用或者解析，所有的外部程序（包括PHP）必须通过FastCGI接口来调用。
+PHP-FPM是一个PHP FastCGI管理器,新版的PHP已经集成了php-fpm，在./configure的时候带 –enable-fpm参数即可开启PHP-FPM.
+FPM (FastCGI Process Manager) is an alternative PHP FastCGI implementation with some additional features (mostly) useful for heavy-loaded sites.
+
+启动 PHP-FPM: 
+```
+Mac-mini:php7 WangTom$ /usr/local/php7/sbin/php-fpm
+[23-Jun-2015 15:33:01] WARNING: Nothing matches the include pattern '/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf' from /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf at line 125.
+[23-Jun-2015 15:33:01] ERROR: failed to open error_log (/usr/local/php7/var/log/php-fpm.log): Permission denied (13)
+[23-Jun-2015 15:33:01] ERROR: failed to post process the configuration
+[23-Jun-2015 15:33:01] ERROR: FPM initialization failed
+```
+提示错误说/usr/local/php7/var/log/php-fpm.log 没权限，就给777权限：
+$ chmod 777 /usr/local/php7/var/log/
+
+修改 php-fpm 配置文件：
+$ cd /usr/local/php7/etc/
+$ cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
+$ vim php-fpm.conf
+  > 打开 error_log这一行的注释，默认该项被注释掉，若不修改会出现提示log文件路径不存在
+  > error_log = /usr/local/php7/var/log/php-fpm.log 
+  > 打开inclue这一行的注释
+  > include=/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf
+
+修改 /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf 文件：
+如果这个文件不存在,就从default复制一份：
+$ cd /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/
+$ cp www.conf.default www.conf
+将配置文件中的 user 和 group 部分的 nobody 改成 www:
+$ vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
+  > user  = www  
+  > group = www  
+
+开始启动 php-fpm：
+```
+Mac-mini:php-7.0.0alpha1 WangTom$ /usr/local/php7/sbin/php-fpm
+[23-Jun-2015 18:30:48] NOTICE: [pool www] 'user' directive is ignored when FPM is not running as root
+[23-Jun-2015 18:30:48] NOTICE: [pool www] 'group' directive is ignored when FPM is not running as root
+[23-Jun-2015 18:30:48] ERROR: unable to bind listening socket for address '127.0.0.1:9000': Address already in use (48)
+[23-Jun-2015 18:30:48] ERROR: FPM initialization failed
+```
+这个错误问题有两个：(1)没有使用root账户执行启动命令 (2)端口9000被占用
+解决方法：
+使用root账户执行php-fpm启动，或 sudo /usr/local/php7/sbin/php-fpm  
+关闭 PHP-fpm, 并重新启动：
+```
+Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ lsof -P | grep ':9000' | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9
+Mac-mini:php-7.0.0alpha1 WangTom$ /usr/local/php7/sbin/php-fpm -t
+[23-Jun-2015 18:30:25] NOTICE: configuration file /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful
+Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ sudo /usr/local/php7/sbin/php-fpm
+Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ 
+```
+
+修改Nginx 配置： 
+在 nginx.conf 配置文件server 部分增加fastcgi配置，并重新加载配置文件：
+```
+Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ sudo vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
+
+> location ~ \.php$ {
+>  root html;
+>  fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
+>  fastcgi_index index.php;
+>  fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
+>  include fastcgi_params;
+> }
+
+Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
+nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
+nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
+Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
+Mac-mini:~ WangTom$
+```
+
+用到的一些命令：
+
+uname: 用来获取电脑和操作系统的相关信息
+sw_vers: Mac下查看系统版本信息
+lsof: 列出当前系统打开文件（list open files）
+which: 指令会在环境变量$PATH设置的目录里查找符合条件的文件
+
+
+参考链接：
+
+- http://php.net/archive/2015.php#id2015-06-11-3
+- http://www.hashbangcode.com/blog/compiling-and-installing-php7-ubuntu
+
+
+[END]

chapter1_basic/README.md

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+README.md
+服务器与部署

chapter1_basic/安装Nginx服务器.md

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+02-如何源码安装Nginx服务器
+
+# 02-如何源码安装Nginx服务器
+
+##### 安装 PCRE :
+> 网站：http://pcre.org/   
+> 下载：
+> - ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/
+> - ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.36.tar.bz2
+
+##### 安装 Nginx :
+> + 网站地址：http://nginx.org/en/docs/
+> + 下载地址：http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
+
+##### 安装命令:
+```
+下载：
+wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
+
+tar zxf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
+cd nginx-1.8.0
+./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
+make
+sudo make install
+
+./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
+    --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx \
+    --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf \
+    --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid \
+    --with-http_ssl_module \
+
+
+
+
+ps -ef |grep nginx
+
+启动Nginx: 
+sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
+
+重新加载配置文件：
+sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
+sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
+
+```
+
+##### 检查是否安装成功：  
+
+[1] 命令行查看Nginx版本：
+```
+/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
+Mac-mini:nginx-1.8.0 WangTom$ /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
+nginx version: nginx/1.8.0
+built by clang 6.1.0 (clang-602.0.53) (based on LLVM 3.6.0svn)
+configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
+
+Mac-mini:nginx-1.8.0 WangTom$ /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
+nginx version: nginx/1.8.0
+```
+
+[2] 浏览器中查看页面
+在浏览器中访问： http://localhost/ 安装成功则页面出现：
+```
+Welcome to nginx!  
+If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. 
+Further configuration is required.
+For online documentation and support please refer to nginx.org.
+Commercial support is available at nginx.com.
+Thank you for using nginx.  
+```
+查看 Nginx 版本：
+Mac-mini:html WangTom$ sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
+nginx version: nginx/1.8.0
+
+检测 Nginx 配置文件
+Mac-mini:html WangTom$ sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
+nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
+nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
+
+
+To apply the new configuration, start nginx if it is not yet started or send the reload signal to the nginx’s master process, by executing:
+Mac-mini:html WangTom$ sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
+Mac-mini:html WangTom$
+
+
+
+##### 参考地址：
+
+Building nginx from Sources:
+http://nginx.org/en/docs/configure.html
+
+
+
+[END]