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基于Koa2-CoffeeScript-PostgreSQL的服务器开发示例

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index.coffee
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一个基于coffee + postgresql + koa2 的服务端项目demo

目录

基础环境配置

开发工具

Webstorm 2017版，如何破解移步http://idea.lanyus.com/

服务器环境配置

Node.js环境（因为7.10.0版本相对稳定，支持也比较好，所以没有用最新版）
$ node -v
v7.10.0
CoffeeScript安装
//安装
$ npm install -g coffeescript@next

//版本
$ coffee -v
CoffeeScript version 2.0.0-beta2

数据库环境

PostgreSQL 安装

使用Postgres.app安装PostgreSQL，版本为9.6.0

其他（非必须）

  • Mac端调试工具 iTerm2 下载直接使用。
  • 接口调试工具HTTPie,

GitHub地址https://github.com/jakubroztocil/httpie

//安装
$ brew install httpie

项目搭建

  • 使用WebStorm创建一个空项目kcpDemo

  • 创建一个入口文件index.coffee

  • 创建package.json文件。（package.json文件可以手工编写，也可以使用npm init命令自动生成，输入名字和main文件index.coffee，注意名字不能大写，其余按回车自动生成）。

      //到项目根目录下  
  $ cd kcpDemo  
  $ npm init

生成的package.json文件如下

{
  "name": "kcpdemo",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "index.coffee",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
  },
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC"
}
  • 模块安装

  1. koa2安装

     $ npm install --save koa

  2. Sequelize安装

     $ npm install --save sequelize
 //驱动
 $ npm install --save pg pg-hstore

  3. validator.js数据验证

     //在项目根目录下
 $ npm install --save validator
  • 在index.js文件中创建启动代码
koa = require("koa")
app = new koa()

app.use (ctx)->
  ctx.body = "hello koa2"

app.listen 3000,(err)->
  console.log("server start #{err or "success"}")

  • 启动服务

      //根目录下启动项目
  $ coffee  index.coffee
  server start success

  • 测试

$ http :3000
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 10
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
Date: Sat, 12 Aug 2017 01:14:01 GMT

hello koa2

可以看到成功输出 hello koa2，服务创建成功。

数据库配置

以上只是一个简单的hello word服务程序，并没有与数据库有任何关系，下面来配置数据库。

  • 用postgres创建一个数据库xcmy(名字随便起)
  • 在根目录下创建一个文件夹lib，用来保存数据模型，在lib下创建index.coffee来初始化数据库。
#index.coffee文件
Sequelize = require "sequelize"

sequelize = new Sequelize("postgres://:@localhost:5432/xcmy")

sequelize.authenticate()
  .then ()->
    console.log("db Connected success")
  .catch (err)->
    console.log("db connected fail with err :"+err)

module.exports.Sequelize = Sequelize
module.exports.sequelize = sequelize
  • 在根目录下index.coffee文件中引入数据库初始化。
koa = require("koa")
app = new koa()

app.use (ctx)->
  ctx.body = "hello koa2"

#数据库初始化
require("./lib")

app.listen 3000,(err)->
  console.log("server start #{err or "success"}")
  • 重新启动
$ coffee  index.coffee
server start success
db Connected success

创建数据库模型

  • 在lib下创建一个数据模型文件user.coffee
__lib
  |__index.coffee
  |__user.coffee
__package.json
__index.coffee
  • 然后创建一个User的数据模型。
Sequelize = require("../lib").Sequelize
sequelize = require("../lib").sequelize

User = sequelize.define "user",
  {
    realName:{
      type:Sequelize.STRING,
      allowNull:false
    },
    gender:{
      type:Sequelize.ENUM,
      values:["female","male"],
      allowNull:false
    },
    birthday:{
      type:Sequelize.DATEONLY
    }
    email:{
      type:Sequelize.STRING
      validate:{
        isEmail:{
          msg:"邮箱格式不正确"
        }
      }
    },
    headImg:{
      type:Sequelize.STRING
      defaultValue:"http://csdn/img/6788867675685.jpg"
    },
    height:{
      type:Sequelize.FLOAT
      validate:{
        min:{
          args:70
          msg:"身高不得低于70cm"
        }
        max:{
          args:230
          msg:"身高不得高于230cm"
        }
      }
    },
    weight:{
      type:Sequelize.FLOAT
      defaultValue:60
    }
  },
  {
    timestamps:true,
    paranoid:true,
    underscored:false,
  }
User.sync()
module.exports = User

创建子路由文件

  • 安装 koa-router中间件和 koa-bodyparser中间件

    //路由设置和请求数据获取模块 npm install --save koa-router koa-bodyparser

  • 在根目录下创建文件夹apis，在其下创建一个文件user.coffee，现在项目目录如下

__apis
  |__user.coffee
__lib
  |__index.coffee
  |__user.coffee
__package.json
__index.coffee
  • 在user.coffee中创建User模型的数据接口
router = require("koa-router")({prefix:"/user"})
validator = require("validator")
User = require("../lib/user")

#验证接口中的id是否合法
router.param "id",(value,ctx,next)->
  return ctx.body = {msg:"id 不合法"} if not validator.isInt(value)
  next()
  
#User创建接口
router.post "/create",(ctx)->
  try
    ctx.body = await User.create(ctx.request.body)
  catch err
    ctx.body = {msg:"未知错误",err:err}
    
#User单个查询接口
router.get "/get/:id",(ctx)->
  try
    ctx.body = await User.findOne({where:{id:ctx.params.id}})
  catch err
    ctx.body = {msg:"未知错误",err:err}
    
#User列表查询
router.get "/list",(ctx)->
  try
    ctx.body = await User.findAll()
  catch err
    ctx.body = {msg:"未知错误",err:err}
    
#删除接口
router.delete "/delete/:id",(ctx)->
   try
    ctx.body = {msg:"成功删除id为#{await User.destroy({where:{id:ctx.params.id}})}的数据"}
  catch err
    ctx.body = {msg:"未知错误",err:err}
    
#表删除
router.get "/drop",(ctx)->
  try
    ctx.body = await User.drop()
  catch err
    ctx.body = {msg:"未知错误",err:err}
  

module.exports = router

路由配置

  • 在入口文件index.coffee配置路由
koa = require("koa")
app = new koa()
Router = require("koa-router")
bodyParser = require("koa-bodyparser")

#koa-body-parser初始化
app.use bodyParser()

#创建一个路由
router = new Router prefix:'/api'

#子路由
user = require("./apis/user")
#装载子路由
router.use user.routes(),user.allowedMethods()

#加载路由中间件
app.use router.routes()

app.use (ctx)->
  ctx.body = "hello koa2"


require("./lib")

app.listen 3000,(err)->
  console.log("server start #{err or "success"}")

接口测试

  • 初始化数据模型，重启项目
$ coffee  index.coffee
server start success
Executing (default): SELECT 1+1 AS result
Executing (default): SELECT t.typname enum_name, array_agg(e.enumlabel ORDER BY enumsortorder) enum_value FROM pg_type t JOIN pg_enum e ON t.oid = e.enumtypid JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = t.typnamespace WHERE n.nspname = 'public' AND t.typname='enum_users_gender' GROUP BY 1
db Connected success
Executing (default): CREATE TYPE "public"."enum_users_gender" AS ENUM('female', 'male');
Executing (default): CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "users" ("id"   SERIAL , "realName" VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, "gender" "public"."enum_users_gender" NOT NULL, "birthday" DATE, "email" VARCHAR(255), "headImg" VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT 'http://csdn/img/6788867675685.jpg', "height" FLOAT, "weight" FLOAT DEFAULT 60, "createdAt" TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE NOT NULL, "updatedAt" TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE NOT NULL, "deletedAt" TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE, PRIMARY KEY ("id"));
Executing (default): SELECT i.relname AS name, ix.indisprimary AS primary, ix.indisunique AS unique, ix.indkey AS indkey, array_agg(a.attnum) as column_indexes, array_agg(a.attname) AS column_names, pg_get_indexdef(ix.indexrelid) AS definition FROM pg_class t, pg_class i, pg_index ix, pg_attribute a WHERE t.oid = ix.indrelid AND i.oid = ix.indexrelid AND a.attrelid = t.oid AND t.relkind = 'r' and t.relname = 'users' GROUP BY i.relname, ix.indexrelid, ix.indisprimary, ix.indisunique, ix.indkey ORDER BY i.relname;

User模型初始化成功（上面显示的是使用postgresql创建User表的命令）

  • User创建
//若参数不合法
$ http :3000/api/user/create realName=小明 gender=male birthday=1993-09-09 email=xcmy@163.com height=60
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 178
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Date: Sat, 12 Aug 2017 12:13:01 GMT

{
    "err": {
        "errors": [
            {
                "__raw": {},
                "message": "身高不得低于70cm",
                "path": "height",
                "type": "Validation error",
                "value": "60"
            }
        ],
        "name": "SequelizeValidationError"
    },
    "msg": "未知错误"
}
//创建成功
$ http :3000/api/user/create realName=小明 gender=male birthday=1993-09-09 email=xcmy@163.com height=170
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 257
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Date: Sat, 12 Aug 2017 12:11:13 GMT

{
    "birthday": "1993-09-09",
    "createdAt": "2017-08-12T12:11:13.013Z",
    "deletedAt": null,
    "email": "xcmy@163.com",
    "gender": "male",
    "headImg": "http://csdn/img/6788867675685.jpg",
    "height": 170,
    "id": 1,
    "realName": "小明",
    "updatedAt": "2017-08-12T12:11:13.013Z",
    "weight": 60
}
  • User获取，从上面看到创建了一个id=1的用户
//单个用户
$ http :3000/api/user/get/1
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 257
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Date: Sat, 12 Aug 2017 12:15:19 GMT

{
    "birthday": "1993-09-09",
    "createdAt": "2017-08-12T12:11:13.013Z",
    "deletedAt": null,
    "email": "xcmy@163.com",
    "gender": "male",
    "headImg": "http://csdn/img/6788867675685.jpg",
    "height": 170,
    "id": 1,
    "realName": "小明",
    "updatedAt": "2017-08-12T12:11:13.013Z",
    "weight": 60
}
//用户列表
$ http :3000/api/user/list
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 259
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Date: Sat, 12 Aug 2017 12:17:12 GMT

[
    {
        "birthday": "1993-09-09",
        "createdAt": "2017-08-12T12:11:13.013Z",
        "deletedAt": null,
        "email": "xcmy@163.com",
        "gender": "male",
        "headImg": "http://csdn/img/6788867675685.jpg",
        "height": 170,
        "id": 1,
        "realName": "小明",
        "updatedAt": "2017-08-12T12:11:13.013Z",
        "weight": 60
    }
]
  • 删除用户
$ http DELETE :3000/api/user/delete/2
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 37
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Date: Sat, 12 Aug 2017 12:21:34 GMT

{
    "msg": "成功删除id为1的数据"
}

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基于Koa2-CoffeeScript-PostgreSQL的服务器开发示例

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