k8s Tutorial

Tutorial 준비

k8s 클러스터

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ git clone https://github.com/yoonje/k8s-tutorial.git
[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ cd k8s-tutorial
[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl version
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"17", GitVersion:"v1.17.0", GitCommit:"70132b0f130acc0bed193d9ba59dd186f0e634cf", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2019-12-07T21:20:10Z", GoVersion:"go1.13.4", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"darwin/amd64"}
Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"16", GitVersion:"v1.16.15", GitCommit:"2adc8d7091e89b6e3ca8d048140618ec89b39369", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2020-09-02T11:31:21Z", GoVersion:"go1.13.15", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

Tutorial 1 - 기본 명령어와 Pod 사용하기

Pod 생성하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl apply -f sample/pod.yaml
pod/nginx created

Pod 목록 조회하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl get pods
NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx                                1/1     Running   0          10s
[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE    IP              NODE            NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx                                1/1     Running   0          2m9s   10.161.35.143   xxxxxxxxxxxxx   <none>           <none>

Pod 상태 조회하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl describe pod nginx
Name:         nginx
Namespace:    cyj
Priority:     0
Node:         xxxxxxxxxxxxx/xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Start Time:   Wed, 15 Mar 2023 15:27:20 +0900
Labels:       <none>
Status:       Running
IP:           xxxxxxxxxxxxx
IPs:
  IP:  xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Containers:
  nginx:
    Container ID:   docker://3cfac59b7c44c25dba8df7b16230dadbba7a8b68ccc1dd173dd68c740e1a169c
    Image:          nginx:1.14.2
    Image ID:       docker-pullable://nginx@sha256:f7988fb6c02e0ce69257d9bd9cf37ae20a60f1df7563c3a2a6abe24160306b8d
    Port:           80/TCP
    Host Port:      0/TCP
    State:          Running
      Started:      Wed, 15 Mar 2023 15:27:28 +0900
    Ready:          True
    Restart Count:  0
    Limits:
      cpu:                4
      ephemeral-storage:  8Gi
      memory:             4Gi
    Requests:
      cpu:                100m
      ephemeral-storage:  8Gi
      memory:             512Mi
    Environment:
      TZ:                   Asia/Seoul
    Mounts:
      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-v7p9r (ro)
Conditions:
  Type              Status
  Initialized       True
  Ready             True
  ContainersReady   True
  PodScheduled      True
Volumes:
  default-token-v7p9r:
    Type:        Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
    SecretName:  default-token-v7p9r
    Optional:    false
QoS Class:       Burstable
Node-Selectors:  <none>
Tolerations:     node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute for 300s
                 node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute for 300s
Events:
  Type    Reason     Age   From                    Message
  ----    ------     ----  ----                    -------
  Normal  Scheduled  47s   default-scheduler       Successfully assigned cyj/nginx to xxxxxxxxxxxxx
  Normal  Pulling    46s   kubelet, xxxxxxxxxxxxx  Pulling image "nginx:1.14.2"
  Normal  Pulled     40s   kubelet, xxxxxxxxxxxxx  Successfully pulled image "nginx:1.14.2"
  Normal  Created    39s   kubelet, xxxxxxxxxxxxx  Created container nginx
  Normal  Started    39s   kubelet, xxxxxxxxxxxxx  Started container nginx

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ curl 10.161.35.143:80
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

Pod 속 컨테이너 로그 확인하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl logs -f nginx -c nginx
10.25.32.78 - - [15/Mar/2023:15:30:06 +0900] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.79.1" "-"

Pod 속 컨테이너 접속하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl exec -it nginx -c nginx /bin/bash
root@nginx:/# ls
bin  boot  dev	etc  home  lib	lib64  media  mnt  opt	proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
root@nginx:/# exit

Pod 삭제하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl delete pod nginx
pod "nginx" deleted

Tutorial 2 - Deployment로 애플리케이션 배포하기

Deployment로 nginx 배포하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl apply -f sample/deployment.yaml
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created

Pod 목록 조회하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl get pods
NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-28nkd     1/1     Running   0          13s
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-8kjh7     1/1     Running   0          13s

Deployment 목록 조회하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl get deployment
NAME               READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx-deployment   2/2     2            2           108s

ReplicaSet 조회하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl get rs
NAME                         DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
nginx-deployment-b974549f7   2         2         2       2m7s

Deployment로 replicas 개수 바꿔서 nginx 배포하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ vi sample/deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 3 # 3개로 수정
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.14.2
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl apply -f sample/deployment.yaml
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment configured

Pod 목록 조회하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl get pods
NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-28nkd     1/1     Running   0          4m24s
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-7wx7z     1/1     Running   0          20s
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-8kjh7     1/1     Running   0          4m24s

Deployment 목록 조회하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl get deployment
NAME               READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx-deployment   3/3     3            3           4m43s

ReplicaSet 조회하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl get rs
NAME                         DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
nginx-deployment-b974549f7   3         3         3       4m47s

Deployment로 배포된 파드 삭제하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl delete pod nginx-deployment-b974549f7-28nkd
pod "nginx-deployment-b974549f7-28nkd" deleted

Pod 목록 조회하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl get pods
NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-7wx7z     1/1     Running   0          3m9s
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-8kjh7     1/1     Running   0          7m13s
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-wljwt     1/1     Running   0          4s

Deployment로 삭제하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl delete deployment nginx-deployment
deployment.extensions "nginx-deployment" deleted

Pod 목록 조회하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl get pods

replica 설정 롤백 이후 Deployment로 nginx 재배포하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl apply -f sample/deployment.yaml
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created

Tutorial 3 - Service로 애플리케이션 외부에 노출하기

Service 생성하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl apply -f sample/service.yaml
service/nginx-svc created

Service 목록 조회하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl get svc
NAME                               TYPE           CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP      PORT(S)                      AGE
nginx-svc                          LoadBalancer   172.24.250.48    10.161.122.175   80:35617/TCP,443:40987/TCP   33s

Service EXTERNAL-IP로 외부에서 접근하기

Tutorial 4 - HPA 사용하기 Part 1

Pod 목록 조회하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl get pods
NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-86nzt     1/1     Running   0          5m23s
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-dxj6z     1/1     Running   0          5m23s

autoscale 명령 사용하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl autoscale deployment nginx-deployment --cpu-percent=3 --min=2 --max=5
horizontalpodautoscaler.autoscaling/nginx-deployment autoscaled

hpa 확인하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl get hpa
NAME               REFERENCE                     TARGETS         MINPODS   MAXPODS   REPLICAS   AGE
nginx-deployment   Deployment/nginx-deployment   <unknown>/3%    2         5         2          22s

deployment 확인하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl get deployment
NAME               READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx-deployment   2/2     2            2           7m21s

Pod 목록 조회하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl get pods
NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-4bxgz     1/1     Running   0          85s
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-86nzt     1/1     Running   0          8m29s

Pod 리소스 사용량 확인하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl top pod
NAME                                 CPU(cores)   MEMORY(bytes)
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-2xh5j     0m           3Mi
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-j826d     0m           3Mi

nginx stress test

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ chmod 755 /script/load-cpu.sh
[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ script/load-cpu.sh 10.161.122.175

Pod 리소스 사용량 확인하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl top pod
NAME                                 CPU(cores)   MEMORY(bytes)
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-cqt8t     6m           5Mi
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-hrfkp     6m           5Mi

hpa 확인하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl get hpa
NAME               REFERENCE                     TARGETS         MINPODS   MAXPODS   REPLICAS   AGE
nginx-deployment   Deployment/nginx-deployment   6%/3%           2         5         4          63s

hpa 삭제하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl delete hpa nginx-deployment
horizontalpodautoscaler.autoscaling "nginx-deployment" deleted

Tutorial 5 - HPA 사용하기 Part 2

HorizontalPodAutoscaler 사용하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl get pods
NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-4bxgz     1/1     Running   0          6m16s
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-86nzt     1/1     Running   0          13m
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-9bcm4     1/1     Running   0          6m16s
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-dxj6z     1/1     Running   0          13m
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-j52ms     1/1     Running   0          13m

HorizontalPodAutoscaler 생성하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl apply -f sample/hpa.yaml
horizontalpodautoscaler.autoscaling/hpa-resource-cpu created

hpa 확인하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~]$ kubectl get hpa
NAME               REFERENCE                     TARGETS         MINPODS   MAXPODS   REPLICAS   AGE
hpa-resource-cpu   Deployment/nginx-deployment   <unknown>/50%   10        20        7          19s

deployment 확인하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~] $ kubectl get deployment
NAME               READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx-deployment   10/10   10           10          16m

Pod 목록 조회하기

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxx ~] $ kubectl get pods
NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-4bxgz     1/1     Running   0          9m33s
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-86nzt     1/1     Running   0          16m
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-8mf4m     1/1     Running   0          51s
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-9bcm4     1/1     Running   0          9m33s
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-9c77q     1/1     Running   0          51s
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-dxj6z     1/1     Running   0          16m
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-j52ms     1/1     Running   0          16m
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-ltrgj     1/1     Running   0          16m
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-qn8tj     1/1     Running   0          51s
nginx-deployment-b974549f7-zd2xp     1/1     Running   0          16m

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sample		sample
script		script
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.md		README.md

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k8s Tutorial

Tutorial 준비

Tutorial 1 - 기본 명령어와 Pod 사용하기

Pod 생성하기

Pod 목록 조회하기

Pod 상태 조회하기

Pod 속 컨테이너 로그 확인하기

Pod 속 컨테이너 접속하기

Pod 삭제하기

Tutorial 2 - Deployment로 애플리케이션 배포하기

Deployment로 nginx 배포하기

Pod 목록 조회하기

Deployment 목록 조회하기

ReplicaSet 조회하기

Deployment로 replicas 개수 바꿔서 nginx 배포하기

Pod 목록 조회하기

Deployment 목록 조회하기

ReplicaSet 조회하기

Deployment로 배포된 파드 삭제하기

Pod 목록 조회하기

Deployment로 삭제하기

Pod 목록 조회하기

replica 설정 롤백 이후 Deployment로 nginx 재배포하기

Tutorial 3 - Service로 애플리케이션 외부에 노출하기

Service 생성하기

Service 목록 조회하기

Service EXTERNAL-IP로 외부에서 접근하기

Tutorial 4 - HPA 사용하기 Part 1

Pod 목록 조회하기

autoscale 명령 사용하기

hpa 확인하기

deployment 확인하기

Pod 목록 조회하기

Pod 리소스 사용량 확인하기

nginx stress test

Pod 리소스 사용량 확인하기

hpa 확인하기

hpa 삭제하기

Tutorial 5 - HPA 사용하기 Part 2

HorizontalPodAutoscaler 사용하기

HorizontalPodAutoscaler 생성하기

hpa 확인하기

deployment 확인하기

Pod 목록 조회하기

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