The motivation for the package HighFreq is to create a library of functions designed for managing trade and quote (TAQ) and OHLC data, and for efficiently estimating various statistics, like volatility, skew, Hurst exponent, and Sharpe ratio, from that data.
The are several other packages which offer much of this functionality, like for example:
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package xts
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package TTR
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package PerformanceAnalytics
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package highfrequency
Unfortunately many of the functions in these packages are either too slow, or lack some critical functionality, or produce data in inconsistent formats (with NA values, etc.) The package HighFreq aims to create a unified framework, with consistent data formats and naming conventions.
The package HighFreq relies on OHLC price and volume data formatted as xts time series, because the OHLC data format provides an efficient way of compressing TAQ data, while preserving information about price levels, volatility (range), and trading volumes. Most existing packages don’t rely on OHLC data, so their statistical estimators are much less efficient than those in package HighFreq.
Definitions of running and rolling statistics (aggregations):
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A statistic is some function of OHLC data. For example, the difference between the High minus the Low prices is a simple statistic. The estimators of volatility, skew, and higher moments are also statistics.
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The functions called calc_* calculate aggregations over columnar data, and produce a single number or a vector. For example, the function calc_var() calculates the variance of the columns of returns data, and produces a row vector.
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The functions called agg_* calculate various other data aggregations over columnar data. For example, the function agg_ohlc() aggregates a time series of data into a single bar of OHLC data.
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The package HighFreq calculates two different types of statistics time series: running and rolling statistics. The running statistics time series are calculated using individual bars of OHLC data, while rolling statistics time series are calculated using multiple bars of OHLC data.
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An example of a running statistic is a time series of squared differences of the High minus Low prices. Each point in a running statistic depends only on a single bar of OHLC data (and possibly on the neighboring bars.)
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An example of a rolling statistic is a time series of average Close prices calculated over a rolling look-back interval. Some rolling statistics can be calculated from running statistics by calculating weighted averages.
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The functions called run_* calculate running statistics based on each bar of OHLC data, and produce a single-column xts time series with the same number of rows as the OHLC time series.
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The functions called roll_* calculate rolling statistics based on multiple bars of OHLC data taken from a rolling look-back interval, and often produce a single-column xts time series with the same number of rows as the OHLC time series. The roll_* functions perform loops over the rows of the data, and they can apply the calc_* functions to subsets of the data over look-back intervals.
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Running and rolling statistics also represent a form of data aggregation, and can include many standard technical indicators, like VWAP, Bollinger Bands, etc.
The package HighFreq contains several categories of functions designed for:
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managing TAQ and OHLC time series,
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estimating running and rolling statistics over time series,
The package HighFreq contains functions for:
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chaining and joining time series,
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scrubbing bad data from time series,
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managing time zones and alligning time indices,
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converting TAQ data to OHLC format,
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aggregating data to lower frequency (periodicity),
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estimating running statistics from OHLC data, such as volatility, skew, and higher moments (functions called run_*),
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calculating rolling aggregations (VWAP, Hurst exponent, Sharpe ratio, etc.),
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calculating seasonality aggregations,
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creating random TAQ and OHLC time series,
Install package HighFreq from github:
install.packages("devtools")
devtools::install_github(repo="algoquant/HighFreq")
library(HighFreq)Install package HighFreq from source on local drive:
install.packages(pkgs="C:/Develop/R/HighFreq", repos=NULL, type="source")
# Install package from source on local drive using R CMD
R CMD INSTALL C:\Develop\R\HighFreq
library(HighFreq)Build reference manual for package HighFreq from .Rd files:
system("R CMD Rd2pdf C:/Develop/R/HighFreq")
R CMD Rd2pdf C:\Develop\R\HighFreqTrade and Quote (TAQ) data contains intraday trades and quotes on exchange-traded stocks and futures. TAQ data is spaced irregularly in time, with data recorded each time a new trade or quote arrives. The rows of TAQ data contain the quoted and traded prices, and the corresponding quote size or trade volume.
TAQ data can be aggregated into Open-High-Low-Close (OHLC) data. OHLC data is evenly spaced in time, with each row containing the Open, High, Low, and Close prices, and the trade Volume, recorded over the past time interval (called a bar of data). The Open and Close prices are the first and last trade prices recorded in the time bar. The High and Low prices are the highest and lowest trade prices recorded in the time bar. The Volume is the total trading volume recorded in the time bar.
Aggregating TAQ data into OHLC data provides data compression, while preserving information about price levels, volatility (range), and trading volumes. In addition, evenly spaced data allows analysis of multiple time series, since all the prices are given at the same moments of time.
The package HighFreq includes three xts time series called SPY,
TLT, and VXX, containing intraday 1-minute OHLC data for the
SPY, TLT, and VXX ETFs. The package HighFreq also includes an
xts time series called SPY_TAQ with a single day of TAQ data for
the SPY ETF. The data is set up for lazy loading, so it doesn’t
require calling data(hf_data) to load it before being able to call it.
The data source is the Wharton Research Data Service
List all the data sets included in the HighFreq package:
# list all datasets in package HighFreq
data(package="HighFreq")More examples can be found in the vignettes titled managing_time_series and estimating_statistics.
Aggregate TAQ data into a 1-minute bar OHLC time series:
# aggregate TAQ data to 1-min OHLC bar data, for a single symbol, and save to file
sym_bol <- "SPY"
save_scrub_agg(sym_bol,
data_dir="E:/mktdata/sec/",
output_dir="E:/output/data/")Calculate daily trading volume:
daily_volume <- apply.daily(x=Vo(SPY), FUN=sum)
colnames(daily_volume) <- "SPY.Volume")
chart_Series(x=daily_volume, name="daily trading volumes for SPY")Calculate daily average open to close variance from minutely OHLC prices:
# calculate daily average open to close variance
var_daily <- (6.5*60*60^2)*xts::apply.daily(x=SPY, FUN=agg_stats_r,
calc_bars="run_variance", calc_method="rogers_satchell")
colnames(var_daily) <- "SPY.Var"
chart_Series(100*sqrt(var_daily["/2010"]), name="SPY daily standard deviation")Calculate daily skew from minutely OHLC prices:
skew_daily <- apply.daily(x=SPY, FUN=agg_stats_r, calc_bars="run_skew")
skew_daily <- skew_daily/(var_daily)^(1.5)
colnames(skew_daily) <- "SPY.Skew")
chart_Series(x=skew_daily, name="daily skew for SPY")Calculate rolling prices:
roll_prices <- rutils::roll_sum(Op(SPY), win_dow=10)/10
colnames(roll_prices) <- "SPY.Rets"
# plot candle chart
chart_Series(SPY["2013-11-12", ], name="SPY Prices")
add_TA(roll_prices["2013-11-12"], on=1, col="red", lwd=2)Calculate rolling volume-weighted variance:
var_rolling <- roll_stats(oh_lc=SPY["2012"], calc_stats="run_variance", win_dow = 10)
# plot without overnight jump
chart_Series(var_rolling["2012-11-12", ][-(1:11)], name="SPY rolling volume-weighted variance")Calculate daily seasonality of variance:
var_seasonal <- season_ality((24*60*60^2)*run_variance(oh_lc=SPY))
colnames(var_seasonal) <- "SPY.var_seasonal"
chart_Series(x=var_seasonal, name="SPY variance daily seasonality")