Enable ruff/flake8-raise rules (RSE) and fix issues

[DimitriPapadopoulos]

Note: #1872 is the same applied to the v3 branch

TODO:

• Add unit tests and/or doctests in docstrings
• Add docstrings and API docs for any new/modified user-facing classes and functions
• New/modified features documented in docs/tutorial.rst
• Changes documented in docs/release.rst
• GitHub Actions have all passed
• Test coverage is 100% (Codecov passes)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 99.98%. Comparing base (bf89533) to head (c337869).
Report is 19 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #1866   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   99.98%   99.98%           
=======================================
  Files          38       38           
  Lines       14695    14695           
=======================================
  Hits        14693    14693           
  Misses          2        2           

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
zarr/_storage/v3.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
zarr/core.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
zarr/hierarchy.py	99.79% <100.00%> (ø)
zarr/indexing.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
zarr/storage.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
zarr/tests/test_util.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)

[jhamman]

@DimitriPapadopoulos - thanks for moving your focus over to the v3 branch. I'm going to close this in favor of the contributions you've already made there. 🙏