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Glossary
A concept is a dimension, that has some additional (meta) data added to all the possible values of this dimension. So the value isn't anymore a bare string but an URI that allows to attach further data. e.g. if there is a dimension "canton" that links some observations to a certain canton, the value would not be only "Bern" but something like https://ld.admin.ch/canton/2 where some additional data on "Bern" can be found. Creating concepts for dimensions is a major reason for using the Cube Creator.
Dimensions can be understood as the columns in the input CSV files.
A shared dimension is a concept (not only a dimension) that is reused throughout different datasets (therefore shared). This reusing of already existing shared dimensions is a major advantage of the idea of creating cubes. An overview of the existing shared dimesions can be queried. Sometimes shared dimensions are also refered to and modeled as a defined term sets (schema:DefinedTermSet).