安装环境依赖
$ virtualenv -p `which python3` django.env
$ source django.env/bin/activate
$ pip install django
$ pip freeze > requirements.txt
$ pip install django
$ pip install mysqlclient
$ sudo apt-get install python3-dev libmysqlclient-dev
查看 django-admin 版本
$ django-admin.py --version
1.11.5
$ django-admin --version
1.11.5
扩展安装
$ pip install django-crispy-forms
创建项目
$ django-admin startproject app_frontend
$ django-admin startproject app_backend
自动生成模型
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/legacy-databases/
$ cd app_frontend
$ python manage.py inspectdb > ../db/models.py
注意：这种方式下生成的 model 中 Meta 类属性 managed = False, 即不能反过来从 model 生成数据库
启动项目
$ cd app_frontend
$ python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8100
$ cd app_backend
$ python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8200
可以忽略 "You have 13 unapplied migration(s)." 的警告; 也可以执行:
$ python manage.py migrate
创建应用程序
$ python manage.py startapp user
$ python manage.py startapp user_auth
$ python manage.py startapp user_profile
$ python manage.py startapp user_bank
分别修改对应模块下的 views.py 和 urls.py
app_frontend/app_frontend/settings.py
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*', ]
INSTALLED_APPS = [
# ...
'user',
'user_auth',
'user_bank',
'user_profile',
]
app_frontend/app_frontend/urls.py
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^user/', include('user.urls')),
url(r'^user_auth/', include('user_auth.urls')),
url(r'^user_bank/', include('user_bank.urls')),
url(r'^user_profile/', include('user_profile.urls')),
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
]
根据模型建表（可选，不推荐）
$ python manage.py makemigrations user # 生成 app_frontend/user/migrations/0001_initial.py
$ python manage.py sqlmigrate user 0001 # 生成建表语句 执行之前, 0001_initial.py 修改属性 'managed': True
$ python manage.py check # 检查（可选）
$ python manage.py migrate # 执行建表
交互模式
$ python manage.py shell
Python 3.6.2 (default, Jul 17 2017, 16:44:45)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 8.1.0 (clang-802.0.42)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
(InteractiveConsole)
>>> from user.models import User
>>> User.objects.all()
<QuerySet [<User: User object>, <User: User object>, <User: User object>, <User: User object>, <User: User object>]>
创建后台管理
$ python manage.py createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'zhanghe'): admin
Email address: admin@example.com
Password: 1234!@#$
Password (again): 1234!@#$
Superuser created successfully.
$ python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8100
管理地址: http://127.0.0.1:8100/admin/ Username: admin Password: 1234!@#$
登录后发现只有 Groups 和 Users, 我们自定义的模块并没有显示
接着将所需的模块注册管理接口
例如: app_frontend/user/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
# Register your models here.
from .models import User
admin.site.register(User)
被注册的模块将显示在管理页面
问题又来了, 列表点进去, 仅仅显示 (Xxx object), 需要换成可读的名称:
需要在 model 类中定义__str__方法, 如果是 py2, 则是需要定义__unicode__
注意事项:
单元测试需要创建测试数据库, 需要保证 model 中 Meta 类属性 managed = True
生成 migrations 初始化脚本
$ python manage.py makemigrations user
执行测试, 以 user 为例:
$ python manage.py test user # 测试整个 user app
$ python manage.py test user.tests.UserIndexViewTests # 测试 user app 下所有 UserIndexViewTests 测试用例
$ python manage.py test user.tests.UserIndexViewTests.test_user_index # 测试具体用例的某个方法
可选项
-k 保留测试数据
安装
$ pip install coverage
测试
$ coverage run --source='.' manage.py test user
$ coverage report
Name Stmts Miss Cover
---------------------------------------------------------
app_frontend/__init__.py 0 0 100%
app_frontend/settings.py 21 0 100%
app_frontend/urls.py 3 0 100%
app_frontend/wsgi.py 4 4 0%
manage.py 13 6 54%
user/__init__.py 0 0 100%
user/admin.py 3 0 100%
user/apps.py 3 3 0%
user/migrations/0001_initial.py 6 0 100%
user/migrations/__init__.py 0 0 100%
user/models.py 17 1 94%
user/tests.py 6 0 100%
user/urls.py 4 0 100%
user/views.py 15 0 100%
user_auth/__init__.py 0 0 100%
user_auth/admin.py 3 0 100%
user_auth/apps.py 3 3 0%
user_auth/migrations/__init__.py 0 0 100%
user_auth/models.py 15 1 93%
user_auth/tests.py 1 1 0%
user_auth/urls.py 3 0 100%
user_auth/views.py 4 1 75%
user_bank/__init__.py 0 0 100%
user_bank/admin.py 3 0 100%
user_bank/apps.py 3 3 0%
user_bank/migrations/__init__.py 0 0 100%
user_bank/models.py 15 0 100%
user_bank/tests.py 1 1 0%
user_bank/urls.py 3 0 100%
user_bank/views.py 4 1 75%
user_profile/__init__.py 0 0 100%
user_profile/admin.py 3 0 100%
user_profile/apps.py 3 3 0%
user_profile/migrations/__init__.py 0 0 100%
user_profile/models.py 15 0 100%
user_profile/tests.py 1 1 0%
user_profile/urls.py 3 0 100%
user_profile/views.py 4 1 75%
---------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL 182 30 84%
可以生成 html 测试报告
$ coverage html
然后访问: htmlcov/index.html
运行服务后, 如果出现 You have 1 unapplied migration(s).You have 1 unapplied migration(s). 警告, 处理方式:
user/migrations/0001_initial.py 设置 'managed': False
$ python manage.py migrate
user/migrations/0001_initial.py 还原 'managed': True
再重启服务, 警告消失
https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/getting-started/
步骤：
- 登录
travis-ci开启 GitHub 项目 - 登录
coveralls获取项目的TOKEN - 在
travis-ci平台设置COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN环境变量（Environment Variables） - 新增代码覆盖配置
.coveragerc - 新增代码覆盖报告配置（可选）
.coveralls.yml - 新增持续集成配置
.travis.yml
也可以在本地试试本地手动推送报告到 coveralls
将以下 <COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN> 替换为 coveralls 项目的 TOKEN
方式一:
$ COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN=<COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN> coveralls
方式二:
$ export COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN=<COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN>
$ coveralls
方式三:
echo "repo_token: <COVERALLS_REPO_TOKEN>" > .coveralls.yml
并将 .coveralls.yml 加入 .gitignore
状态页面托管 https://www.statuspage.io/