London | Ameneh Keshavarz | Module-Decomposition | Sprint4

.gitignore

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+.venv/
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dataclass.py

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+# This code defines a Person with a name, date of birth, and favorite operating system.
+# It also checks if the person is 18 years old or older.
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import date
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)  # Makes the object read-only after creation
+class Person:
+    name: str
+    date_of_birth: date
+    preferred_operating_system: str
+
+    def is_adult(self) -> bool:
+        today = date.today()  # Get today's date
+        age = today.year - self.date_of_birth.year  # Calculate age
+        if (today.month, today.day) < (self.date_of_birth.month, self.date_of_birth.day):
+            age -= 1  # Subtract 1 if birthday hasn't happened yet this year
+        return age >= 18  # True if age is 18 or more
+
+imran = Person("Imran", date(2010, 6, 10), "Ubuntu")  # Create a person
+print(imran)  # Show person info
+print(imran.is_adult())  # Check if Imran is an adult

enums.py

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+# This program asks the user for their name, age, and favorite operating system.
+# It then shows laptops that match the person's OS preference.
+# If another OS has more laptops available, it gives a suggestion.
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import List
+import sys
+
+# Define supported operating systems
+class OperatingSystem(Enum):
+    MACOS = "macOS"
+    ARCH = "Arch Linux"
+    UBUNTU = "Ubuntu"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_string(value: str):
+        for os in OperatingSystem:
+            if os.value.lower() == value.strip().lower():
+                return os
+        raise ValueError(f"Sorry, we don't support that operating system: {value}")
+
+# Person has a name, age, and favorite operating system
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Person:
+    name: str
+    age: int
+    preferred_operating_system: OperatingSystem
+
+# Laptop has details including operating system
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Laptop:
+    id: int
+    manufacturer: str
+    model: str
+    screen_size_in_inches: float
+    operating_system: OperatingSystem
+
+# Find laptops that match the person's preferred OS
+def find_possible_laptops(laptops: List[Laptop], person: Person) -> List[Laptop]:
+    return [laptop for laptop in laptops if laptop.operating_system == person.preferred_operating_system]
+
+# Create a list of available laptops
+laptops = [
+    Laptop(id=1, manufacturer="Dell", model="XPS", screen_size_in_inches=13, operating_system=OperatingSystem.ARCH),
+    Laptop(id=2, manufacturer="Dell", model="XPS", screen_size_in_inches=15, operating_system=OperatingSystem.UBUNTU),
+    Laptop(id=3, manufacturer="Dell", model="XPS", screen_size_in_inches=15, operating_system=OperatingSystem.UBUNTU),
+    Laptop(id=4, manufacturer="Apple", model="macBook", screen_size_in_inches=13, operating_system=OperatingSystem.MACOS),
+    Laptop(id=5, manufacturer="Apple", model="macBook Pro", screen_size_in_inches=15, operating_system=OperatingSystem.MACOS),
+]
+
+try:
+    name = input("What's your name? ").strip()
+
+    age_input = input("How old are you? ").strip()
+    if not age_input.isdigit():
+        raise ValueError("Age must be a number.")
+    age = int(age_input)
+
+    os_input = input("Which operating system do you like? (Ubuntu, Arch Linux, macOS): ").strip()
+    preferred_os = OperatingSystem.from_string(os_input)
+
+    # Create the person object from user input
+    person = Person(name=name, age=age, preferred_operating_system=preferred_os)
+
+except ValueError as e:
+    print(f"{e}", file=sys.stderr)
+    sys.exit(1)  # Exit if input is not valid
+
+# Find matching laptops
+matching = find_possible_laptops(laptops, person)
+print(f"\nHi {person.name}, we have {len(matching)} laptop(s) with {preferred_os.value}.")
+
+# Count how many laptops there are for each OS
+os_counts = {os: 0 for os in OperatingSystem}
+for laptop in laptops:
+    os_counts[laptop.operating_system] += 1
+
+# Suggest other OS if more laptops are available with it
+most_available_os = max(os_counts, key=os_counts.get)
+if most_available_os != preferred_os and os_counts[most_available_os] > len(matching):
+    print(f"We have more laptops with {most_available_os.value}.")
+    print(f"If you're okay with using {most_available_os.value}, you might get one faster.")

generic.py

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+# This program creates a person with children and prints a simple family tree.
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import List
+
+# Define a Person with a name, age, and a list of children (who are also Person objects)
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Person:
+    name: str
+    age: int
+    children: List["Person"]  # List of other Person objects
+
+# Create children
+fatma = Person(name="Fatma", age=5, children=[])
+aisha = Person(name="Aisha", age=7, children=[])
+
+# Create parent with children
+imran = Person(name="Imran", age=35, children=[fatma, aisha])
+
+# Print person's name and their children
+def print_family_tree(person: Person) -> None:
+    print(person.name)
+    for child in person.children:
+        print(f"- {child.name} ({child.age})")  # Print each child's name and age
+
+print_family_tree(imran)  # Show family tree starting from Imran

inheritance.py

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+# This program shows inheritance: a Child class that extends Parent and adds extra features.
+
+class Parent:
+    def __init__(self, first_name: str, last_name: str):
+        self.first_name = first_name
+        self.last_name = last_name
+
+    def get_name(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.first_name} {self.last_name}"
+
+
+class Child(Parent):
+    def __init__(self, first_name: str, last_name: str):
+        super().__init__(first_name, last_name)  # Use Parent's init
+        self.previous_last_names = []  # Track old last names
+
+    def change_last_name(self, last_name) -> None:
+        self.previous_last_names.append(self.last_name)
+        self.last_name = last_name
+
+    def get_full_name(self) -> str:
+        suffix = ""
+        if len(self.previous_last_names) > 0:
+            suffix = f" (née {self.previous_last_names[0]})"
+        return f"{self.first_name} {self.last_name}{suffix}"
+
+
+# Create a Child object and test name changes
+person1 = Child("Elizaveta", "Alekseeva")
+print(person1.get_name())         # Elizaveta Alekseeva
+print(person1.get_full_name())    # Elizaveta Alekseeva
+person1.change_last_name("Tyurina")
+print(person1.get_name())         # Elizaveta Tyurina
+print(person1.get_full_name())    # Elizaveta Tyurina (née Alekseeva)
+
+# Create a Parent object
+person2 = Parent("Elizaveta", "Alekseeva")
+print(person2.get_name())         # Works: method exists
+
+# The following lines will cause errors because Parent doesn't have those methods
+# print(person2.get_full_name())  # Error: Parent has no get_full_name()
+# person2.change_last_name("Tyurina")  # Error: Parent has no change_last_name()
+# print(person2.get_full_name())  # Error again
+
+# To fix the errors above, you'd need to check the object type before calling those methods

method.py

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+# This program defines a person with name, birthdate, and favorite OS,
+# then checks if the person is an adult (18 or older).
+
+from datetime import date
+
+class Person:
+    def __init__(self, name: str, date_of_birth: date, preferred_operating_system: str):
+        self.name = name
+        self.date_of_birth = date_of_birth
+        self.preferred_operating_system = preferred_operating_system
+
+    def is_adult(self) -> bool:
+        today = date.today()  # Get today's date
+        age = today.year - self.date_of_birth.year  # Find age by year difference
+
+        # If birthday hasn't come yet this year, subtract 1 from age
+        if (today.month, today.day) < (self.date_of_birth.month, self.date_of_birth.day):
+            age -= 1
+
+        return age >= 18  # Return True if 18 or older
+
+# Create a person named Imran with birthday June 10, 2010
+imran = Person("Imran", date(2010, 6, 10), "Ubuntu")
+print(imran.is_adult())  # Check if Imran is an adult (True/False)

objectclass.py

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+# This program defines a Person with name and age,
+# and includes a function to check if they are an adult.
+
+class Person:
+    def __init__(self, name: str, age: int):
+        self.name = name
+        self.age = age  # hair_color is NOT defined here
+
+def is_adult(person: Person) -> bool:
+    return person.age >= 18  # Returns True if age is 18 or more
+
+# This function will cause an error because 'hair_color' doesn't exist
+def print_hair_color(person: Person) -> None:
+    print(person.hair_color)  # AttributeError if hair_color not added

refactoring.py

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+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import List
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Person:
+    name: str
+    age: int
+    preferred_operating_systems: List[str]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Laptop:
+    id: int
+    manufacturer: str
+    model: str
+    screen_size_in_inches: float
+    operating_system: str
+
+
+def find_possible_laptops(laptops: List[Laptop], person: Person) -> List[Laptop]:
+    possible_laptops = []
+    for laptop in laptops:
+        if laptop.operating_system in person.preferred_operating_systems:
+            possible_laptops.append(laptop)
+    return possible_laptops
+
+
+people = [
+    Person(name="Imran", age=22, preferred_operating_systems=["Ubuntu", "Arch Linux"]),
+    Person(name="Eliza", age=34, preferred_operating_systems=["Arch Linux"]),
+]
+
+laptops = [
+    Laptop(id=1, manufacturer="Dell", model="XPS", screen_size_in_inches=13, operating_system="Arch Linux"),
+    Laptop(id=2, manufacturer="Dell", model="XPS", screen_size_in_inches=15, operating_system="Ubuntu"),
+    Laptop(id=3, manufacturer="Dell", model="XPS", screen_size_in_inches=15, operating_system="ubuntu"),
+    Laptop(id=4, manufacturer="Apple", model="macBook", screen_size_in_inches=13, operating_system="macOS"),
+]
+
+for person in people:
+    possible_laptops = find_possible_laptops(laptops, person)
+    print(f"Possible laptops for {person.name}: {possible_laptops}")

typecheck.py

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+from typing import Dict
+
+def open_account(balances: Dict[str, int], name: str, amount: int) -> None:
+    balances[name] = amount
+
+def sum_balances(accounts: Dict[str, int]) -> int:
+    total = 0
+    for name, pence in accounts.items():
+        print(f"{name} had balance {pence}")
+        total += pence
+    return total
+
+def format_pence_as_string(total_pence: int) -> str:
+    if total_pence < 100:
+        return f"{total_pence}p"
+    pounds = total_pence // 100
+    pence = total_pence % 100
+    return f"£{pounds}.{pence:02d}"
+
+balances = {
+    "Sima": 700,
+    "Linn": 545,
+    "Georg": 831,
+}
+
+open_account(balances, "Tobi", 913)
+open_account(balances, "Olya", 713)
+
+total_pence = sum_balances(balances)
+total_string = format_pence_as_string(total_pence)
+
+print(f"The bank accounts total {total_string}")