illwill

Overview

illwill is a (n)curses inspired simple terminal library that aims to make writing cross-platform text mode applications easy. Having said that, it's much simpler than (n)curses and it's not as robust by far in terms of supporting different encodings, terminal types, etc. The aim was to write something small and simple in pure Nim that works for 99% of users without requiring any external dependencies or a terminfo database.

For "serious" applications, the best is always to write different backends for *nix and Windows (one of the main reasons being that the Windows Console is buffer based, not file based). But I think this library is perfect for small cross-platform programs and utilities where you need something more than the basic blocking console I/O, but you don't actually want to bother with a full-blown GUI.

Main features

• Non-blocking keyboard input.
• Support for Windows Console (cmd.exe), POSIX (MacOS/Linux terminals), and Javascript (web broswer).
• Support for key combinations and special keys available.
• Virtual terminal buffers with double-buffering support (only display changes from the previous frame and minimise the number of attribute changes to reduce CPU usage).
• Simple graphics using UTF-8 box drawing symbols.
• Full-screen support with restoring the contents of the terminal after exit.
• Mouse support with modifier key reporting.
• No dependencies—only depends on the modules in the standard library.

nim-mod is an oldschool MOD player that uses illwill for its awesome text-mode user interface

Use it if

• You just want something simple that lets you write full-screen terminal apps with non-blocking keyboard input that work on Windows, Mac OS X, 99.99% of modern Linux distributions, or any modern web browsers.
• You don't need to support any fancy encodings and terminal types other than UTF-8.
• You're developing a custom UI so you don't need any predefined widgets.
• You don't mind the immediate mode UI style/approach.
• You absolutely don't want any external dependencies.

Don't use it if

• You need ultimate robustness in terms of supporting obscure terminals, character encodings and Linux/Unix distributions.
• You need predefined widgets.
• You like complicating your life 😎

Limitations & known issues

• Suspend/resume (SIGTSTP/SIGCONT handling) works, but it doesn't properly reset the terminal when suspending the app.
• The contents of the terminal is not restored after exiting a full-screen app on Windows or Javascript.

Installation

The best way to install the library is by using nimble:

nimble install illwill

Usage

This is a simple example on the general structure of a fullscreen terminal application. Check out the examples for more advanced use cases (e.g. using box drawing buffers, handling terminal resizes, etc.)

import os, strutils
import illwill

# 1. Initialise terminal in fullscreen mode and make sure we restore the state
# of the terminal state when exiting.
proc exitProc() {.noconv.} =
  illwillDeinit()
  showCursor()
  quit(0)

illwillInit(fullscreen=true)
setControlCHook(exitProc)
hideCursor()

# 2. We will construct the next frame to be displayed in this buffer and then
# just instruct the library to display its contents to the actual terminal
# (double buffering is enabled by default; only the differences from the
# previous frame will be actually printed to the terminal).
var tb = newTerminalBuffer(terminalWidth(), terminalHeight())

# 3. Display some simple static UI that doesn't change from frame to frame.
tb.setForegroundColor(fgBlue, true)
tb.drawRect(0, 0, 40, 5)
tb.drawHorizLine(2, 38, 3, doubleStyle=true)

tb.write(2, 1, fgWhite, "Press any key to display its name")
tb.write(2, 2, "Press ", fgYellow, "ESC", fgWhite,
               " or ", fgYellow, "Q", fgWhite, " to quit")

# 4. This is how the main event loop typically looks like: we keep polling for
# user input (keypress events), do something based on the input, modify the
# contents of the terminal buffer (if necessary), and then display the new
# frame.
timerLoop(20):
  var key = getKey()
  case key
  of Key.None: discard
  of Key.Escape, Key.Q: exitProc()
  else:
    tb.write(8, 4, ' '.repeat(31))
    tb.write(2, 4, resetStyle, "Key pressed: ", fgGreen, $key)

  tb.display()

To compile for Windows (from Windows):

nim c example.nim generates example.exe

To compile for MacOS or Linux (from corresponding OS):

nim c example.nim generates example

To compile for the web (from any platform):

nim js example.nim generates example.js. This will need to be pulled by an HTML file.

License

Copyright © 2018-2019 John Novak <john@johnnovak.net>

This work is free. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the Do What The Fuck You Want To Public License, Version 2, as published by Sam Hocevar. See the COPYING file for more details.