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Convention: DICOM Attribute lists
Reproducibility of medical imaging AI depends on acquisition parameters, which are recorded in DICOM metadata. The Medical Imaging CDM (MI-CDM), an extension of the OMOP CDM, brings these parameters into a standardized, multi-institutional framework. Loading the full raw tag set is impractical, however, because hundreds of attributes attach to every image and many are redundant or modality-specific, imposing a storage and curation burden that is currently a principal barrier to MI-CDM adoption. A necessary and sufficient subset of acquisition metadata is therefore required.
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Expert review is the ideal way to decide which attributes matter, but the number of tags is too large to screen manually. We therefore derived a data-driven candidate list to seed and focus that review. Acquisition parameters were mined from open-access imaging AI literature published between July 2024 and June 2025 on PubMed Central (1,010 CT, 1,089 MR, 56 MG, and 727 X-ray publications), extracted with a few-shot LLM, and mapped to standard DICOM attributes through the pipeline shown below. Tags reported by more than 5% of papers per modality were retained as candidates, and this frequency-based selection was validated against model-performance variation through AI model replication, where the retained tags proved markedly enriched for performance-relevant attributes. The resulting modality-specific lists are data-driven candidates pending expert review.
Figure. From PubMed Central search to DICOM-matched protocol elements. After LLM-based abstract screening and few-shot protocol extraction, each element passes through a four-stage transformation (rule-based classifier, top-5 hybrid retriever, LLM adjudicator, and LLM fallback) against a DICOM standard knowledge base built from PS3.6 (tag registry, 5,190 elements), PS3.3 (modality relevance, 41,336 combinations), and vector embeddings (44,491 documents).
Each tag is listed with its custom OMOP concept ID under the DICOM vocabulary (vocabulary_id = DICOM), for direct use in MI-CDM.
| DICOM Tag | Attribute Name | Concept ID (DICOM) |
|---|---|---|
| (0018,0060) | KVP | 2128000818 |
| (0018,1151) | X-Ray Tube Current | 2128000933 |
| (0018,0010) | Contrast/Bolus Agent | 2128000788 |
| (0018,9344) | Contrast/Bolus Agent Phase | 2128001396 |
| (0018,9305) | Revolution Time | 2128001360 |
| (0018,1046) | Contrast Flow Rate | 2128000871 |
| (0018,1210) | Convolution Kernel | 2128000983 |
| (0018,9315) | Reconstruction Algorithm | 2128001370 |
| (0018,9345) | CTDIvol | 2128001397 |
| (0018,1153) | Exposure in μAs | 2128000935 |
| (0018,0050) | Slice Thickness | 2128000817 |
| (0028,0010) | Rows | 2128002092 |
| (0028,0030) | Pixel Spacing | 2128002096 |
| (0018,9307) | Total Collimation Width | 2128001362 |
| (0018,1100) | Reconstruction Diameter | 2128000909 |
| (0028,0011) | Columns | 2128002093 |
| (0018,9309) | Table Speed | 2128001364 |
| (0072,0512) | Reformatting Thickness | 2128003565 |
| (0018,0088) | Spacing Between Slices | 2128000833 |
| (0018,9311) | Spiral Pitch Factor | 2128001366 |
| (0028,1050) | Window Center | 2128002173 |
| (0028,1051) | Window Width | 2128002174 |
| (0008,1090) | Manufacturer's Model Name | 2128000177 |
| (0008,0070) | Manufacturer | 2128000056 |
| (0018,0015) | Body Part Examined | 2128000792 |
| (0018,5100) | Patient Position | 2128001097 |
| DICOM Tag | Attribute Name | Concept ID (DICOM) |
|---|---|---|
| (0018,0087) | Magnetic Field Strength | 2128000832 |
| (0018,0080) | Repetition Time | 2128000825 |
| (0018,0081) | Echo Time | 2128000826 |
| (0018,0010) | Contrast/Bolus Agent | 2128000788 |
| (0018,0082) | Inversion Time | 2128000827 |
| (0018,9117) | MR Diffusion Sequence | 2128001284 |
| (0018,9025) | Spectrally Selected Suppression | 2128001213 |
| (0018,1050) | Spatial Resolution | 2128000875 |
| (0018,9073) | Acquisition Duration | 2128001251 |
| (0018,9046) | Multi-Coil Configuration | 2128001230 |
| (0018,0020) | Scanning Sequence | 2128000793 |
| (0018,0083) | Number of Averages | 2128000828 |
| (0008,0008) | Image Type | 2128000013 |
| (0018,0021) | Sequence Variant | 2128000794 |
| (0018,0050) | Slice Thickness | 2128000817 |
| (0018,1100) | Reconstruction Diameter | 2128000909 |
| (0028,0030) | Pixel Spacing | 2128002096 |
| (0018,1314) | Flip Angle | 2128000999 |
| (0028,0010) | Rows | 2128002092 |
| (0028,0011) | Columns | 2128002093 |
| (0018,0088) | Spacing Between Slices | 2128000833 |
| (0018,1310) | Acquisition Matrix | 2128000997 |
| (0054,0081) | Number of Slices | 2128003026 |
| (0018,0023) | MR Acquisition Type | 2128000796 |
| (0018,0095) | Pixel Bandwidth | 2128000839 |
| (0018,1046) | Contrast Flow Rate | 2128000871 |
| (0008,1090) | Manufacturer's Model Name | 2128000177 |
| (0008,0070) | Manufacturer | 2128000056 |
| (0018,9087) | Diffusion b-value | 2128001264 |
| (0018,1250) | Receive Coil Name | 2128000988 |
| (0018,0015) | Body Part Examined | 2128000792 |
| (0020,0037) | Image Orientation (Patient) | 2128001703 |
| DICOM Tag | Attribute Name | Concept ID (DICOM) |
|---|---|---|
| (0018,7060) | Exposure Control Mode | 2128001189 |
| (0018,0060) | KVP | 2128000818 |
| (0028,0010) | Rows | 2128002092 |
| (0028,0011) | Columns | 2128002093 |
| (0028,0030) | Pixel Spacing | 2128002096 |
| (0028,0101) | Bits Stored | 2128002123 |
| (0008,0070) | Manufacturer | 2128000056 |
| (0008,1090) | Manufacturer's Model Name | 2128000177 |
| (0018,7004) | Detector Type | 2128001152 |
| (0018,5101) | View Position | 2128001098 |
| (0020,0062) | Image Laterality | 2128001707 |
| (0018,0015) | Body Part Examined | 2128000792 |
| DICOM Tag | Attribute Name | Concept ID (DICOM) |
|---|---|---|
| (0018,0015) | Body Part Examined | 2128000792 |
| (0018,5101) | View Position | 2128001098 |
| (0018,5100) | Patient Position | 2128001097 |
| (0008,0060) | Modality | 2128000050 |
| (0008,1090) | Manufacturer's Model Name | 2128000177 |
| (0028,0010) | Rows | 2128002092 |
| (0020,0062) | Image Laterality | 2128001707 |
| (0018,1000) | Device Serial Number | 2128000840 |
| (0028,0030) | Pixel Spacing | 2128002096 |
| (0018,1110) | Distance Source to Detector | 2128000910 |
| (0018,1152) | Exposure | 2128000934 |
| (0018,1151) | X-Ray Tube Current | 2128000933 |
| (0018,1149) | Field of View Dimension(s) | 2128000931 |
| (0008,0070) | Manufacturer | 2128000056 |
| (0018,0060) | KVP | 2128000818 |
| (0028,2110) | Lossy Image Compression | 2128002228 |
| (0018,7060) | Exposure Control Mode | 2128001189 |
| (0018,7004) | Detector Type | 2128001152 |
| (0018,1164) | Imager Pixel Spacing | 2128000944 |
| (0018,1150) | Exposure Time | 2128000932 |
| (0028,0100) | Bits Allocated | 2128002122 |
| (0028,0011) | Columns | 2128002093 |
| (0028,0101) | Bits Stored | 2128002123 |
| (0028,1050) | Window Center | 2128002173 |
| (0028,1051) | Window Width | 2128002174 |
| (0028,1052) | Rescale Intercept | 2128002175 |
| (0028,1053) | Rescale Slope | 2128002176 |
| (0028,0004) | Photometric Interpretation | 2128002086 |
The candidate selection protocol is available from the dicom-ai-survey GitHub repository: https://github.com/dr-you-group/dicom-ai-survey