Protect readLine() against DoS
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| <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> | ||
| <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> | ||
| </dependency> | ||
| <dependency> |
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This library holds security tools for protecting Java API calls.
License: MIT ✅ | Open source ✅ | More facts
| <artifactId>system-lambda</artifactId> | ||
| <version>${system-lambda.version}</version> | ||
| <scope>test</scope> | ||
| </dependency> |
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This library holds security tools for protecting Java API calls.
License: MIT ✅ | Open source ✅ | More facts
| <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId> | ||
| <scope>test</scope> | ||
| </dependency> | ||
| <dependency> |
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This library holds security tools for protecting Java API calls.
License: MIT ✅ | Open source ✅ | More facts
| <dependency> | ||
| <groupId>io.github.pixee</groupId> | ||
| <artifactId>java-security-toolkit</artifactId> | ||
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This library holds security tools for protecting Java API calls.
License: MIT ✅ | Open source ✅ | More facts
| <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId> | ||
| <scope>test</scope> | ||
| </dependency> | ||
| <dependency> |
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This library holds security tools for protecting Java API calls.
License: MIT ✅ | Open source ✅ | More facts
| <groupId>io.github.pixee</groupId> | ||
| <artifactId>java-security-toolkit</artifactId> | ||
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This library holds security tools for protecting Java API calls.
License: MIT ✅ | Open source ✅ | More facts
Micro-Learning Topic: Denial of service (Detected by phrase)Matched on "denial of service"The Denial of Service (DoS) attack is focused on making a resource (site, application, server) unavailable for the purpose it was designed. There are many ways to make a service unavailable for legitimate users by manipulating network packets, programming, logical, or resources handling vulnerabilities, among others. Source: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Denial_of_Service Try a challenge in Secure Code Warrior |
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Lack of Resources and Rate Limiting
DescriptionWhilst the internet may often seem as though it were boundless, it is still bound by a finite amount of computing resources and subject to limitations, with only so much bandwidth, CPU processing power, memory allocation, and storage to go around. At the individual level, for example, think of the last time you tried to spin up that third virtual machine while the host browser was feverishly feeding your multiple open tab habit... resource limitations in action! And although this illustration depicts a non-malicious - indeed, self-imposed - consequence of overload for an individual laptop, there are, unfortunately, attacks that leverage resource and rate limitations of web applications and APIs that have not been configured correctly. Application requests are pretty much what make the internet the internet, with some estimates suggesting that API requests alone make up over 83% of all web traffic. Applications perform day-to-day functions adequately when the request parameters governing the numbers of processes, size of payloads, etc., are set at the appropriate minimums and maximums. However, when the aforementioned resources are incorrectly assigned, applications are not only subject to poor or non-existent performance, but they can also be commandeered by malicious actors to disrupt and deny service. According to OWASP's API4:2019 Lack of Resources & Rate Limiting post, APIs, for example, are vulnerable if even just one of the below limits is lacking or incorrectly set:
Bottom line: set one of the above too low or too high, and your application is at risk. Read moreImpactWhatever the type of application, inadequately configured resource allocation, and rate limits are routinely targeted by attackers. Attacks such as these undermine reliability and availability of entire ecosystems, inevitably resulting in financial and reputational loss. ScenariosSuppose an API is tasked with the retrieval of user-profiles and their corresponding details, providing, as most APIs do, access to its resources that take the form of lists of entities. A set limit of returnable items would typically confine a client filtering this list.
An astute observer will have noticed that the request here would return page 1 and the first 9000000 users, which certainly seems like an above-average number of users for just one page! This attack would succeed to overwhelm the API if the size parameter was improperly validated. PreventionAttacks targeting application misconfigurations that allow unbridled resources and limits are common - the exploitation is uncomplicated and requires minimal resources to execute. Fortunately, robust defense is reasonably straightforward to implement so long as attention is paid to limits that dictate finite resources, i.e., the abovementioned CPU processing power, memory allocation, number of processes and file descriptors, etc. Prevention strategies include:
TestingVerify that anti-automation controls are effective at mitigating breached credential testing, brute force, and account lockout attacks. Such controls include blocking the most common breached passwords, soft lockouts, rate limiting, CAPTCHA, ever-increasing delays between attempts, IP address restrictions, or risk-based restrictions such as location, first login on a device, recent attempts to unlock the account, or similar.
ReferencesAkamai - State of Internet Security |
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No applications have been configured for previews targeting branch: master. To do so go to restack console and configure your applications for previews. |
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Review changes with SemanticDiff. Analyzed 3 of 7 files. Overall, the semantic diff is 96% smaller than the GitHub diff.
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PR Details of @pixeebot[bot] in java-design-patterns :
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Potential issues, bugs, and flaws that can introduce unwanted behavior.
Code suggestions and improvements for better exception handling, logic, standardization, and consistency.
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Description has been updated! |
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Please double check the following review of the pull request:Issues counts
Changes in the diff
Identified Issues
Issue 1: Hardcoded line length limit of 5,000,000 characters should be configurableExplanationIn the following files, the line length limit is hardcoded to 5,000,000 characters:
Hardcoding this value reduces flexibility and makes future changes more difficult. Code to Address the Issue// Define a constant for the line length limit
private static final int LINE_LENGTH_LIMIT = 5_000_000;
// Use the constant in the code
while ((line = BoundedLineReader.readLine(input, LINE_LENGTH_LIMIT)) != null) {
events.add(line);
}Explanation of the FixBy defining a constant for the line length limit, we make the code more maintainable and easier to update in the future. Issue 2: Repeated code for reading lines from files could be refactored into a utility methodExplanationThe code for reading lines from files is repeated in multiple places. This can be refactored into a utility method to improve readability and maintainability. Code to Address the Issue// Utility method to read lines from a file with a bounded line reader
public static List<String> readLinesWithLimit(BufferedReader reader, int limit) throws IOException {
List<String> lines = new ArrayList<>();
String line;
while ((line = BoundedLineReader.readLine(reader, limit)) != null) {
lines.add(line);
}
return lines;
}
// Usage in JsonFileJournal.java
try (var input = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file), StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
events.addAll(readLinesWithLimit(input, LINE_LENGTH_LIMIT));
} catch (IOException e) {
LOGGER.error("Error while processing file", e);
}
// Usage in FileLoggerModuleTest.java
private static String readFirstLine(final String file) {
String firstLine = null;
try (var bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file))) {
List<String> lines = readLinesWithLimit(bufferedReader, LINE_LENGTH_LIMIT);
if (!lines.isEmpty()) {
firstLine = lines.get(0);
}
LOGGER.info("ModuleTest::readFirstLine() : firstLine : " + firstLine);
} catch (final IOException e) {
LOGGER.error("ModuleTest::readFirstLine()", e);
}
return firstLine;
}
// Usage in Utility.java
try (var bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(url.openStream()));
var writer = new FileWriter(file)) {
List<String> lines = readLinesWithLimit(bufferedReader, LINE_LENGTH_LIMIT);
for (String line : lines) {
writer.write(line);
writer.write("\n");
}
}Explanation of the FixBy creating a utility method Missing TestsThe current changes do not introduce new functionality that requires additional tests. The existing tests should be sufficient to verify the correctness of the changes. However, ensure that the existing tests cover scenarios where the line length exceeds the specified limit. Summon me to re-review when updated! Yours, Gooroo.dev |
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| import com.iluwatar.event.sourcing.event.DomainEvent; | ||
| import com.iluwatar.event.sourcing.event.MoneyDepositEvent; | ||
| import com.iluwatar.event.sourcing.event.MoneyTransferEvent; | ||
| import io.github.pixee.security.BoundedLineReader; | ||
| import java.io.BufferedReader; | ||
| import java.io.BufferedWriter; | ||
| import java.io.File; |
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The BoundedLineReader import and its usage in this context might not be necessary. If the purpose is to limit the size of each line read, it would be better to handle this within the application logic rather than relying on an external library, which could introduce unnecessary dependencies and potential security risks.
Recommended Solution:
Consider using standard Java I/O libraries to read lines and handle any size limitations within the application logic. This will reduce dependencies and potential security vulnerabilities.
| fileLoggerModule.printString(MESSAGE); | ||
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| /* Test if 'Message' is printed in file */ | ||
| assertEquals(readFirstLine(OUTPUT_FILE), MESSAGE); |
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The readFirstLine method reads the entire file to get the first line, which is inefficient. This can be optimized by reading only the first line and then closing the file.
Recommended Solution:
Refactor the readFirstLine method to read only the first line and then close the file immediately.
private static String readFirstLine(final String file) {
try (var bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file))) {
return BoundedLineReader.readLine(bufferedReader, 5_000_000);
} catch (final IOException e) {
LOGGER.error("ModuleTest::readFirstLine()", e);
return null;
}
}| */ | ||
| package com.iluwatar.promise; | ||
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| import io.github.pixee.security.BoundedLineReader; | ||
| import java.io.BufferedReader; | ||
| import java.io.File; | ||
| import java.io.FileReader; |
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The import statement for BoundedLineReader suggests that it is used for security purposes, likely to prevent reading excessively large lines. However, the BoundedLineReader is not used in the characterFrequency or countLines methods, which also read files. This inconsistency could lead to potential security issues if those methods are used with untrusted input files.
Recommended Solution:
Ensure that all file reading operations use BoundedLineReader or a similar mechanism to prevent reading excessively large lines, thereby maintaining consistent security practices across the utility methods.
| try (var bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(url.openStream())); | ||
| var writer = new FileWriter(file)) { | ||
| String line; | ||
| while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { | ||
| while ((line = BoundedLineReader.readLine(bufferedReader, 5_000_000)) != null) { | ||
| writer.write(line); | ||
| writer.write("\n"); | ||
| } |
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The downloadFile method uses a fixed buffer size of 5,000,000 for reading lines. This could lead to memory issues if the lines are extremely large or if the method is used in a context with limited memory resources.
Recommended Solution:
Consider making the buffer size configurable or using a more adaptive approach to handle large lines efficiently. Additionally, ensure that the buffer size is documented and justified based on typical use cases.
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Issues Summary1. Failed to get git versionLogs Summary: The command to get the git version failed with exit code 0Failing Step: [command]/usr/bin/git version Related Source Files: None Related Failures: 2. Failed to set git useragentLogs Summary: An error occurred while setting the git useragentFailing Step: [debug]Set git useragent to: git/2.46.0 (github-actions-checkout) Related Source Files: None Related Failures: 3. Failed to add repository directory to git global configLogs Summary: An error occurred while adding the repository directory to the temporary git global configFailing Step: [command]/usr/bin/git config --global --add safe.directory /home/runner/work/java-design-patterns/java-design-patterns Related Source Files: None Related Failures: ℹ️ Help(You can turn this bot off by adding a comment/ai off, or force a refresh of this report with /ai ...)
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Description
This pull request includes the following changes:
io.github.pixee:java-security-toolkitin theevent-sourcingmodule'spom.xmlfile and theJsonFileJournal.javaclass.io.github.pixee:java-security-toolkitin themodulemodule'spom.xmlfile and theFileLoggerModuleTest.javaclass.1.2.0forjava-security-toolkitin thepom.xmlfile of themodulemodule.io.github.pixee:java-security-toolkitin thepromisemodule'spom.xmlfile and theUtility.javaclass.These changes introduce the
java-security-toolkitdependency in multiple modules and update the version in themodulemodule'spom.xml.Let me know if you need any more information.