Single number i

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ repos:
     -   id: auto-walrus
 
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.1.4
+    rev: v0.1.6
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
 
   - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
-    rev: 23.10.1
+    rev: 23.11.0
     hooks:
       - id: black
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ repos:
           - tomli
 
   - repo: https://github.com/tox-dev/pyproject-fmt
-    rev: "1.4.1"
+    rev: "1.5.1"
     hooks:
       - id: pyproject-fmt
 
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ repos:
       - id: validate-pyproject
 
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
-    rev: v1.6.1
+    rev: v1.7.1
     hooks:
       - id: mypy
         args:

DIRECTORY.md

@@ -428,12 +428,16 @@
   * [Haversine Distance](geodesy/haversine_distance.py)
   * [Lamberts Ellipsoidal Distance](geodesy/lamberts_ellipsoidal_distance.py)
 
+## Geometry
+  * [Geometry](geometry/geometry.py)
+
 ## Graphics
   * [Bezier Curve](graphics/bezier_curve.py)
   * [Vector3 For 2D Rendering](graphics/vector3_for_2d_rendering.py)
 
 ## Graphs
   * [A Star](graphs/a_star.py)
+  * [Ant Colony Optimization Algorithms](graphs/ant_colony_optimization_algorithms.py)
   * [Articulation Points](graphs/articulation_points.py)
   * [Basic Graphs](graphs/basic_graphs.py)
   * [Bellman Ford](graphs/bellman_ford.py)
@@ -718,6 +722,7 @@
   * [Sock Merchant](maths/sock_merchant.py)
   * [Softmax](maths/softmax.py)
   * [Solovay Strassen Primality Test](maths/solovay_strassen_primality_test.py)
+  * [Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient](maths/spearman_rank_correlation_coefficient.py)
   * Special Numbers
     * [Armstrong Numbers](maths/special_numbers/armstrong_numbers.py)
     * [Automorphic Number](maths/special_numbers/automorphic_number.py)
@@ -1310,7 +1315,6 @@
   * [Fetch Well Rx Price](web_programming/fetch_well_rx_price.py)
   * [Get Amazon Product Data](web_programming/get_amazon_product_data.py)
   * [Get Imdb Top 250 Movies Csv](web_programming/get_imdb_top_250_movies_csv.py)
-  * [Get Imdbtop](web_programming/get_imdbtop.py)
   * [Get Ip Geolocation](web_programming/get_ip_geolocation.py)
   * [Get Top Billionaires](web_programming/get_top_billionaires.py)
   * [Get Top Hn Posts](web_programming/get_top_hn_posts.py)

backtracking/all_combinations.py

@@ -26,16 +26,22 @@ def generate_all_combinations(n: int, k: int) -> list[list[int]]:
     >>> generate_all_combinations(n=10, k=-1)
     Traceback (most recent call last):
         ...
-    RecursionError: maximum recursion depth exceeded
+    ValueError: k must not be negative
     >>> generate_all_combinations(n=-1, k=10)
-    []
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: n must not be negative
     >>> generate_all_combinations(n=5, k=4)
     [[1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 5], [1, 2, 4, 5], [1, 3, 4, 5], [2, 3, 4, 5]]
     >>> from itertools import combinations
     >>> all(generate_all_combinations(n, k) == combination_lists(n, k)
     ...     for n in range(1, 6) for k in range(1, 6))
     True
     """
+    if k < 0:
+        raise ValueError("k must not be negative")
+    if n < 0:
+        raise ValueError("n must not be negative")
 
     result: list[list[int]] = []
     create_all_state(1, n, k, [], result)

backtracking/knight_tour.py

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def open_knight_tour(n: int) -> list[list[int]]:
     >>> open_knight_tour(2)
     Traceback (most recent call last):
         ...
-    ValueError: Open Kight Tour cannot be performed on a board of size 2
+    ValueError: Open Knight Tour cannot be performed on a board of size 2
     """
 
     board = [[0 for i in range(n)] for j in range(n)]
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def open_knight_tour(n: int) -> list[list[int]]:
                 return board
             board[i][j] = 0
 
-    msg = f"Open Kight Tour cannot be performed on a board of size {n}"
+    msg = f"Open Knight Tour cannot be performed on a board of size {n}"
     raise ValueError(msg)
 
 

backtracking/n_queens.py

@@ -24,6 +24,10 @@ def is_safe(board: list[list[int]], row: int, column: int) -> bool:
     Returns:
     Boolean Value
 
+    >>> is_safe([[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]], 1, 1)
+    True
+    >>> is_safe([[1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]], 1, 1)
+    False
     """
 
     n = len(board)  # Size of the board

bit_manipulation/is_even.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 def is_even(number: int) -> bool:
     """
     return true if the input integer is even
-    Explanation: Lets take a look at the following deicmal to binary conversions
+    Explanation: Lets take a look at the following decimal to binary conversions
     2 => 10
     14 => 1110
     100 => 1100100

bit_manipulation/single_number.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+"""
+    Given a non-empty array of integers nums, every element
+    appears twice except for one. Find that single one
+
+    You must implement a solution with a linear runtime complexity
+    and use only constant extra space.
+
+    Reference: https://leetcode.com/problems/single-number/
+"""
+
+
+def single_number(nums: list) -> int:
+    """
+    :param nums: A non-empty array of any integers nums,
+                 every element appears twice except for one.
+    :return: element that appears only one time
+
+     Examples:
+        Example 1
+            >>> print(single_number([1, 3, 3, 2, 6, 2, 1]))
+            6
+
+        Example 2
+            >>> print(single_number([12, 1, 1, 7, 1, 12, 1]))
+            7
+
+        Example 3
+            >>> print(single_number([6]))
+            6
+    """
+
+    result = 0
+    for el in nums:
+        result ^= el
+    return result
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()

data_structures/binary_tree/binary_search_tree.py

@@ -198,6 +198,30 @@ def insert(self, *values) -> Self:
         return self
 
     def search(self, value) -> Node | None:
+        """
+        >>> tree = BinarySearchTree().insert(10, 20, 30, 40, 50)
+        >>> tree.search(10)
+        {'10': (None, {'20': (None, {'30': (None, {'40': (None, 50)})})})}
+        >>> tree.search(20)
+        {'20': (None, {'30': (None, {'40': (None, 50)})})}
+        >>> tree.search(30)
+        {'30': (None, {'40': (None, 50)})}
+        >>> tree.search(40)
+        {'40': (None, 50)}
+        >>> tree.search(50)
+        50
+        >>> tree.search(5) is None  # element not present
+        True
+        >>> tree.search(0) is None  # element not present
+        True
+        >>> tree.search(-5) is None  # element not present
+        True
+        >>> BinarySearchTree().search(10)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+        IndexError: Warning: Tree is empty! please use another.
+        """
+
         if self.empty():
             raise IndexError("Warning: Tree is empty! please use another.")
         else:
@@ -210,6 +234,15 @@ def search(self, value) -> Node | None:
     def get_max(self, node: Node | None = None) -> Node | None:
         """
         We go deep on the right branch
+
+        >>> BinarySearchTree().insert(10, 20, 30, 40, 50).get_max()
+        50
+        >>> BinarySearchTree().insert(-5, -1, 0.1, -0.3, -4.5).get_max()
+        {'0.1': (-0.3, None)}
+        >>> BinarySearchTree().insert(1, 78.3, 30, 74.0, 1).get_max()
+        {'78.3': ({'30': (1, 74.0)}, None)}
+        >>> BinarySearchTree().insert(1, 783, 30, 740, 1).get_max()
+        {'783': ({'30': (1, 740)}, None)}
         """
         if node is None:
             if self.root is None:
@@ -224,6 +257,15 @@ def get_max(self, node: Node | None = None) -> Node | None:
     def get_min(self, node: Node | None = None) -> Node | None:
         """
         We go deep on the left branch
+
+        >>> BinarySearchTree().insert(10, 20, 30, 40, 50).get_min()
+        {'10': (None, {'20': (None, {'30': (None, {'40': (None, 50)})})})}
+        >>> BinarySearchTree().insert(-5, -1, 0, -0.3, -4.5).get_min()
+        {'-5': (None, {'-1': (-4.5, {'0': (-0.3, None)})})}
+        >>> BinarySearchTree().insert(1, 78.3, 30, 74.0, 1).get_min()
+        {'1': (None, {'78.3': ({'30': (1, 74.0)}, None)})}
+        >>> BinarySearchTree().insert(1, 783, 30, 740, 1).get_min()
+        {'1': (None, {'783': ({'30': (1, 740)}, None)})}
         """
         if node is None:
             node = self.root