fix(core): improve docs on afterRender hooks

[cexbrayat]

PR Checklist

Please check if your PR fulfills the following requirements:

• The commit message follows our guidelines: https://github.com/angular/angular/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#commit
• [] Tests for the changes have been added (for bug fixes / features)
• Docs have been added / updated (for bug fixes / features)

PR Type

What kind of change does this PR introduce?

• Bugfix
• Feature
• Code style update (formatting, local variables)
• Refactoring (no functional changes, no api changes)
• Build related changes
• CI related changes
• Documentation content changes
• angular.io application / infrastructure changes
• Other... Please describe:

What is the new behavior?

This commit improves the documentation of the options parameter of the afterRender hooks.

Does this PR introduce a breaking change?

• Yes
• No

Other information

This is a rebased version of #56522 on the v18 branch as asked by @AndrewKushnir

[AndrewKushnir]

@cexbrayat thanks for creating a PR for the 18.0.x branch.

[AndrewKushnir]

@cexbrayat do you mind rebasing it on top of the most recent 18.0.x branch? There were some additional commits there that fixed CI issues.

[cexbrayat]

@AndrewKushnir Sure, done!

[AndrewKushnir]

This PR was merged into the repository by commit 2f73281.

The changes were merged into the following branches: 18.0.x

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