legacy: Arduino preprocess subroutine refactorization (part 2)

[cmaglie]

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• The PR has no duplicates (please search among the Pull Requests
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• The PR follows
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• Tests for the changes have been added (for bug fixes / features)
• Docs have been added / updated (for bug fixes / features)
• UPGRADING.md has been updated with a migration guide (for breaking changes)
• configuration.schema.json updated if new parameters are added.

What kind of change does this PR introduce?

This PR is a try to split the bigger PR #2147 into smaller pieces to allow an easier review process.

What is the current behavior?

No changes

Does this PR introduce a breaking change, and is titled accordingly?

No

Other information

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Patch coverage: 81.63% and project coverage change: -0.11 ⚠️

Comparison is base (15a5e88) 62.89% compared to head (bd60d11) 62.79%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #2191      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   62.89%   62.79%   -0.11%     
==========================================
  Files         220      221       +1     
  Lines       19477    19463      -14     
==========================================
- Hits        12251    12221      -30     
- Misses       6141     6155      +14     
- Partials     1085     1087       +2     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unit	62.79% <81.63%> (-0.11%)	⬇️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
...egacy/builder/add_additional_entries_to_context.go	58.62% <ø> (-2.67%)	⬇️
legacy/builder/create_cmake_rule.go	9.09% <ø> (+0.09%)	⬆️
legacy/builder/preprocess_sketch.go	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
legacy/builder/types/context.go	97.53% <ø> (ø)
legacy/builder/types/types.go	78.12% <ø> (+4.59%)	⬆️
legacy/builder/container_add_prototypes.go	76.62% <66.66%> (-1.16%)	⬇️
internal/algorithms/slices.go	77.77% <77.77%> (ø)
legacy/builder/ctags/ctags_to_prototypes.go	84.84% <77.77%> (-2.66%)	⬇️
legacy/builder/gcc_preproc_runner.go	82.85% <83.33%> (+2.00%)	⬆️
legacy/builder/prototypes_adder.go	94.44% <88.88%> (-0.80%)	⬇️
... and 9 more

... and 1 file with indirect coverage changes

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