Fix install.sh for versions targs with v prefixed

[cmaglie]

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• Tests for the changes have been added (for bug fixes / features)
• Docs have been added / updated (for bug fixes / features)
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• configuration.schema.json updated if new parameters are added.

What kind of change does this PR introduce?

Fix the install.sh script that broke: #2483
Since we are going to prefix a v in the version tag to follow golang standards about publishing modules versions, the v should be removed from the download link.

What is the current behavior?

$ curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arduino/arduino-cli/master/install.sh | sh
Installing in /home/megabug/bin
ARCH=64bit
OS=Linux
Using curl as download tool
Downloading https://downloads.arduino.cc/arduino-cli/arduino-cli_v0.35.0_Linux_64bit.tar.gz
Did not find a release for your system: Linux 64bit
Trying to find a release using the GitHub API.
Downloading https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/releases/download/v0.35.0/0.35.0-checksums.txt
https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/releases/download/v0.35.0/arduino-cli_0.35.0_configuration.schema.json
https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/releases/download/v0.35.0/arduino-cli_0.35.0_Linux_32bit.tar.gz
https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/releases/download/v0.35.0/arduino-cli_0.35.0_Linux_64bit.tar.gz
https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/releases/download/v0.35.0/arduino-cli_0.35.0_Linux_ARM64.tar.gz
https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/releases/download/v0.35.0/arduino-cli_0.35.0_Linux_ARMv6.tar.gz
https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/releases/download/v0.35.0/arduino-cli_0.35.0_Linux_ARMv7.tar.gz
https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/releases/download/v0.35.0/arduino-cli_0.35.0_macOS_64bit.tar.gz
https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/releases/download/v0.35.0/arduino-cli_0.35.0_macOS_ARM64.tar.gz
https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/releases/download/v0.35.0/arduino-cli_0.35.0_proto.zip
https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/releases/download/v0.35.0/arduino-cli_0.35.0_Windows_32bit.zip
https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/releases/download/v0.35.0/arduino-cli_0.35.0_Windows_64bit.msi
https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/releases/download/v0.35.0/arduino-cli_0.35.0_Windows_64bit.zip
https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/releases/download/v0.35.0/CHANGELOG.md
Failed to install arduino-cli

What is the new behavior?

$ sh install.sh 
Installing in /home/megabug/Workspace/arduino-cli/bin
ARCH=64bit
OS=Linux
Using curl as download tool
Downloading https://downloads.arduino.cc/arduino-cli/arduino-cli_0.35.0_Linux_64bit.tar.gz
An existing arduino-cli was found at /usr/bin/arduino-cli. Please prepend "/home/megabug/Workspace/arduino-cli/bin" to your $PATH or remove the existing one.
arduino-cli  Versione: 0.35.0 Commit: ebab482d Data: 2024-01-02T14:16:15Z installed successfully in /home/cmaglie/Workspace/arduino-cli/bin

Does this PR introduce a breaking change, and is titled accordingly?

Other information

Fix #2483