Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Examples in Python

This repository contains a collection of Python classes that demonstrate fundamental Object-Oriented Programming concepts. Each class represents a real-world object with attributes and methods, making it perfect for learning OOP principles.

📚 What's Included

1. BankAccount (bank_account.py)

A comprehensive banking system simulation with:

• Account management (account number, holder, balance)
• Transaction operations (deposit, withdraw)
• Interest calculation
• Account status management (active/closed)

Key Features:

• Input validation for transactions
• Interest rate calculations
• Account closure functionality
• Detailed transaction feedback

2. Book (book.py)

A library management system representation featuring:

• Book metadata (title, author, ISBN, page count)
• Checkout/return functionality
• Availability tracking
• Book information management

Key Features:

• Check-out and return operations
• Availability status checking
• Page count updates
• Comprehensive book summaries

3. Car (car.py)

An automotive simulation with:

• Vehicle specifications (make, model, year, color)
• Engine control (start/stop)
• Fuel management system
• Driving simulation with fuel consumption

Key Features:

• Realistic fuel consumption modeling
• Engine state management
• Distance-based fuel calculation
• Refueling capabilities

4. CoffeeMaker (coffee_maker.py)

A smart coffee maker simulation including:

• Multiple brew sizes (small, medium, large)
• Resource management (water, coffee beans)
• Power control
• Brewing operations with validation

Key Features:

• Three cup size options with different requirements
• Resource capacity limits
• Smart brewing validation
• Status monitoring

5. Smartphone (smartphone.py)

A mobile device simulation featuring:

• Device specifications (brand, model, storage)
• Security (PIN-based locking/unlocking)
• Battery management
• Usage tracking

Key Features:

• PIN-based security system
• Battery level monitoring with status descriptions
• Charging and usage simulation
• Device specification reporting

🎯 Learning Objectives

This repository demonstrates key OOP concepts:

• Encapsulation: Data and methods bundled together in classes
• Abstraction: Complex operations simplified through method interfaces
• Data Validation: Input checking and error handling
• State Management: Object state changes through method calls
• String Representation: Custom __str__ and __repr__ methods
• Type Hints: Modern Python typing for better code documentation

🚀 Getting Started

Prerequisites

• Python 3.6 or higher

Running the Examples

Each file can be run independently to see the class in action:

# Run individual examples
python bank_account.py
python book.py
python car.py
python coffee_maker.py
python smartphone.py

Using the Classes in Your Code

# Example: Using the BankAccount class
from bank_account import BankAccount

# Create a new account
account = BankAccount("ACC001", "John Doe", 1000.0, 0.02)

# Perform operations
account.deposit(500)
account.withdraw(200)
account.calculateInterest()
print(account.getBalance())

📖 Class Overview

Class	Primary Purpose	Key Methods
BankAccount	Banking operations	deposit(), withdraw(), calculateInterest()
Book	Library management	checkOut(), returnBook(), isAvailable()
Car	Vehicle simulation	start_engine(), drive(), refuel()
CoffeeMaker	Appliance control	brew(), refillWater(), addBeans()
Smartphone	Device management	unlock(), charge(), useBattery()

🔧 Code Features

• Comprehensive Documentation: All classes include detailed docstrings
• Error Handling: Robust input validation and error messages
• Real-world Logic: Realistic constraints and behaviors
• Example Usage: Each file includes demonstration code
• Type Hints: Modern Python typing for better IDE support

🎓 Educational Use

This repository is ideal for:

• Learning Python OOP fundamentals
• Understanding class design principles
• Practicing method implementation
• Exploring real-world programming scenarios
• Teaching programming concepts

🤝 Contributing

Feel free to contribute by:

• Adding new classes with different real-world objects
• Improving existing class functionality
• Adding more comprehensive examples
• Enhancing documentation

📄 License

This project is open source and available under the MIT License.

📞 Support

If you have questions about the code or OOP concepts demonstrated here, feel free to open an issue for discussion.

---

Happy Learning! 🐍✨