- RISC-V - Free and Open RISC Instruction Set Architecture.
- Digging into RISC-V and how I learn new things (2019)
- SHAKTI - Open-source Processor Development Ecosystem.
- I don't know how CPUs work so I simulated one in code (2019)
- Simple Computer - Whilst reading But How Do It Know? by J. Clark Scott I felt compelled to write something to simulate the computer the book describes.
- Awesome CPU and MCU documentation
- How do CPUs read machine code? (2019) (Reddit)
- CPU Microcodes - Intel, AMD, VIA & Freescale CPU Microcode Repositories.
- CPU Scheduling
- uarch-bench - Benchmark for low-level CPU micro-architectural features.
- Performance Analysis & Tuning on Modern CPU - Denis Bakhvalov (2020)
- x86 and amd64 instruction reference
- IA32-doc - Project which aims to put as many definitions from the Intel Manual into machine-processable format as possible.
- CPU caches and data locality: a small demonstration (2020) (Lobsters)
- What is a stack and how does it work? (2020)
- Branch prediction explained
- x86-info-term - Terminal viewer for x86 instruction/intrinsic information using Python 3 + curses.
- Cosmic - Stellar simulated 8-bit computer architecture.
- Optimized implementations of various library functions for ARM architecture processors
- Chipping away at Moore's law. Modern CPUs are just chiplets connected together (2020)
- SIMD instructions (HN)
- Reverse-engineering the TL431: the most common chip you've never heard of (2014) (HN)
- X86-64 Semantics - Complete and thoroughly tested formal semantics of x86-64 to date.
- Efficient and performance-portable SIMD wrapper
- The DooM-chip: no CPU, no opcodes, no instruction counter (2020) (HN)
- Unicorn Engine - Lightweight multi-platform, multi-architecture CPU emulator framework. (Code)
- afl-unicorn - Lets you fuzz any piece of binary that can be emulated by Unicorn Engine.
- Archspec - Library for detecting, labeling, and reasoning about microarchitectures.
- Branch prediction in CPUs
- Examining ARM vs X86 Memory Models with Rust (2020) (HN)
- Single-use JIT Performance on x86 Processors (HN)
- ARMRef - iOS, iPadOS, and macOS application reference manual for ARM assembly instructions.
- Produce your own physical chips. For free. In the Open. (2020) (HN)
- Improving performance with SIMD intrinsics in three use cases (2020) (HN)
- Inside the 8086 processor, tiny charge pumps create a negative voltage (2020)
- An Intel 8080 assembler and online simulator (2020)
- CoreMark - Industry-standard benchmark that measures the performance of central processing units (CPU) and embedded microcrontrollers (MCU).
- How Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography works (2020)
- SIMDe - Implementations of SIMD instruction sets for systems which don't natively support them. (HN)
- Itanium Processor Microarchitecture (2000)
- Intel Hardware Accelerated Execution Manager (HAXM)
- sse2neon - C/C++ header file that converts Intel SSE intrinsics to Arm/Aarch64 NEON intrinsics.
- Toward the 1nm Technology Generation: Imec Roadmap for Logic Technology (2020)
- Gperftools CPU Profiler
- VSCode JS Profile Visualizer - Custom editor for viewing .cpuprofile files in VS Code. Pairs well with new JavaScript debugger.
- LDM: My Favorite ARM Instruction (2020) (HN)
- How Debuggers Work: Getting and Setting x86 Registers (2020)
- Taiwan Semiconductor - Taiwanese multinational semiconductor contract manufacturing and design company.
- AMD Research Instruction Based Sampling Toolkit
- Dynarmic - Dynamic recompiler for ARM.
- Reverse-engineering the carry-lookahead circuit in the Intel 8008 processor (2020) (HN)
- ARM Memory Model Tool: Morello (and Some Memory Tagging) (2020)
- Graphs, Metagraphs, RAM, CPU: HyperGraphs are more memory efficient than graphs (2020)
- Intel's disruption is now complete (2020) (HN)
- ARM processor history (2020)
- Bitdefender disassembler - Lightweight, x86/x64 only instruction decoder.
- Performance Analysis and Tuning on Modern CPUs book (Code)
- Under the hood of a CPU: Reverse Engineering the P6 microcode | Peter Bosch (2020)
- 2020 Wheeler Lecture: The Future of Microprocessors
- c8c - Aims to be a small typeless programming language for the CHIP-8 virtual machine.
- vrCPU - Code, documentation, schematics, notes for my Ben Eater inspired breadboard computer and emulator.
- ARM and Lock-Free Programming (2020)
- Why Is Apple’s M1 Chip So Fast? (2020) (HN)
- Collection of information about ARM cortex-M
- Ask HN: How did Apple manage to create such a better chip than Intel? (2020)
- ARM Cortex-A72 fetch and branch processing (2020)
- The Secret History of the First Microprocessor, the F-14, and Me (2020)
- sandsifter - x86 processor fuzzer.
- Undocumented arm64 ISA extension present on the Apple M1 (Reddit)
- MIPS-Simulator - Functional MIPS CPU simulator implemented in Haskell.
- From microops to abstract resources: constructing simpler CPU performance models (2020)
- Let's Build a Microprocessor! - From NAND to RISC, using JavaScript as a HDL.
- ARM NEON intrinsics guide
- ASL Interpreter - Example implementation of Arm's Architecture Specification Language (ASL). (Fork)
- Corellium - ARM Device Virtualization. (GitHub)
- Siliconpr0n: High Resolution Chip Maps (HN)
- Fritzchens Fritz's Albums - Gorgeous high resolution die shots of (mostly) modern chips.
- Lobsters: How much are non x86/arm platforms used? (2021)
- MIPS Emulator written in Go
- The CPU Shack - History of Microprocessors & CPU Techo.
- The 486 CPU Era – The Birth of Overclocking (2021)
- How CPUs are Designed and Built (2020)
- Arm Announces Armv9 Architecture: SVE2, Security, and the Next Decade (2021) (HN)
- Our Journey to ARM | PSPDFKit (2021)
- Understanding modern state-of-the-art branch predictor (2021)
- Application Binary Interface for the Arm Architecture
- A CPU With Just One Instruction (2019)
- v86 - Emulates an x86-compatible CPU and hardware.
- RISC vs. CISC
- Where the top of the stack is on x86 (2011) (HN)
- Architecture All Access: Modern CPU Architecture (2021)
- How M1 Macs feel faster than Intel models: it’s about QoS (2021) (HN)
- UCodeDisasm: Intel Atom Disassembler
- Atomics in AArch64 (2021)
- CPU Fun Blog - Intended to cover various subjects related to the low-level interactions of software and hardware.
- Building an Always-On CPU Profiler (2021)
- Scamp – a homebrew 16-bit CPU (2021) (HN)
- What should the CPU usage be of a fully-loaded CPU that has been throttled? (2021) (HN)
- Your CPU May Have Slowed Down on Wednesday (2021) (HN)
- CPU Pinning and CPU Sets (2020)
- A natively flexible 32-bit Arm microprocessor (2021) (HN)
- PlasticArm: Get Your Next CPU, Made Without Silicon (2021) (Lobsters)
- Beating the L1 cache with value speculation (2021) (HN) (Tweet)
- Hunting a bug in the i40e Intel driver (2021)
- An inside look at the custom CPUs in Tesla's Dojo Supercomputer (2021) (HN)
- ASML business breakdown (2021)
- Next-gen chips will be powered from below (2021) (HN)
- Upgraded Homemade Silicon Chips (2021)
- Turing Complete Game - Game where you build a CPU and assembly language from circuits.
- A bug that doesn’t exist on x86: Exploiting an ARM-only race condition (HN)
- The Soviet 1801VM2 LSI-11 Processor (2021) (HN)
- Designing a MIPS CPU in Hardcaml (HN)
- A Close Look at a Spinlock (2021)
- How to Make a CPU – A Simple Picture Based Explanation (2021) (HN)
- Implementing CHIP-8 in Jack (2021)
- n2t-wasm - Emulator for the nand2tetris computer (Hack CPU).
- memu - ARMv8-M/Cortex-M emulator/simulator.
- SCAMP CPU - Homebrew 16-bit CPU with a homebrew Unix-like-ish operating system. (Web)
- mainspring - CPU and device simulation framework focused on extensibility and flexibility of hardware layouts.
- Why It’s So Difficult – and Costly – To Secure Chips (2021) (HN)
- Graviton2 and Graviton3 (2021) (HN)
- Reverse Engineering the M1 (2021)
- What can you do with an ISA specification? (2021)
- JDH-8 - Fully custom 8-bit minicomputer with a unique architecture.
- Performance Ninja Class - Online course where you can learn to find and fix low-level performance issues, for example CPU cache misses and branch mispredictions.
- Ask HN: Are we entering an ARM era? (2021)
- Predictive CPU isolation of containers at Netflix (2019)
- CPU implemented in an analog modular synthesizer (Tweet) (HN)
- A single line of code made a 24-core server slower than a laptop (2021) (HN) (Reddit)
- Power, frequency, management: how M1 E cores win (2022) (HN)
- CPU-X - Free software that gathers information on CPU, motherboard and more.
- Alex Blewitt - Understanding CPU microarchitecture (2022)
- System V Application Binary Interface (2020 (HN)
- Thoughts on Intel software-defined silicon (2022) (HN)
- The AMD Branch (Mis)predictor: Just Set it and Forget it (2022)
- BLAS-level CPU Performance in 100 Lines of C (HN)
- Simple three-stage pipeline RISC-V implementation written in Chisel 3 HDL with support for AXI4-Lite
- Pico-8: CPU
- Benchmarking the Apple M1 Max (2021)
- Apple M1 Ultra (2022) (HN)
- Introduction to Apple Silicon (Lobsters)
- pycachesim - Python Cache Hierarchy Simulator. Accurately simulate the caching (allocation/hit/miss/replace/evict) behavior of all cache levels found in modern processors.
- Intel Virtualization and Apple Silicon (2022) (HN)
- Single-Chip Processors Have Reached Their Limits (2022) (HN)
- gProfiler - System-wide profiler, combining multiple sampling profilers to produce unified visualization of what your CPU is spending time on.
- Apple Silicon Guide
- Evaluating Graviton 2 for data-intensive applications: Arm vs. Intel comparison (2022) (HN)
- Crash course introduction to parallelism: Multithreading (2022) (Reddit)
- cpu - CPU command in Go, inspired by the Plan 9 CPU command.
- Inside the Apple-1's shift-register memory (2022)
- The AMD Branch (Mis)predictor: New Types and Methods of Straight-Line Speculation (SLS) Vulnerabilities (2022)
- Assembler Simulator - Simulator of 8-bit CPU using the "Samphire" Microprocessor Simulator instruction set.
- Y86 Emulator - Y86 pipeline CPU simulator in JavaScript. (Code)
- CPUs, cloud VMs, and noisy neighbors: the limits of parallelism (2022)
- The TRUTH of TSMC 5nm: Claimed Density vs Reality (2022) (Reddit)
- AMD’s Athlon 64: Getting the Basics Right (2022) (HN)
- Code Density Compared Between Way Too Many Instruction Sets (Lobsters)
- Binary Translators for Weak Memory Model Architectures (HN)
- Astro-8 Computer - 16-bit homebrew CPU.
- Introduction to Apple Silicon (HN)
- Custom Processing Unit - Dynamic analysis framework able to hook, patch and trace CPU microcode at the software level.
- SiliFuzz - System that finds CPU defects by fuzzing software proxies.
- CPU Benchmarks Set
- Intel’s Meteor Lake Chiplets, Compared to AMD’s (2022) (HN)
- Ask HN: What'd be possible with 1000x faster CPUs? (2022)
- A history of ARM, part 1: Building the first chip (2022) (HN)
- High-NA may be the end of the line for lithography (2022)
- Zen4's AVX512 Teardown (2022) (HN)
- ASML's Secret: A view from inside the global semiconductor giant (2022) (HN)
- MIPS CPU written in Verilog
- LambdaVM - Programmable Virtual CPU Written as an Untyped Lambda Calculus Term.
- Hermes - Speculative mechanism that accelerates long-latency off-chip load requests by removing on-chip cache access latency from their critical path.