Merge tag 'cxl-for-6.16' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/cxl/cxl

Pull Compute Express Link (CXL) updates from Dave Jiang:

 - Remove always true condition in cxl features code

 - Add verification of CHBS length for CXL 2.0

 - Ignore interleave granularity when interleave ways is 1

 - Add update addressing mising MODULE_DESCRIPTION for cxl_test

 - A series of cleanups/refactor to prep for AMD Zen5 translate code

 - Clean %pa debug printk in core/hdm.c

 - Documentation updates:
     - Update to CXL Maturity Map
     - Fixes to source linking in CXL documentation
     - CXL documentation fixes, spelling corrections
     - A large collection of CXL documentation for the entire CXL
       subsystem, including documentation on CXL related platform and
       firmware notes

 - Remove redundant code of cxlctl_get_supported_features()

 - Series to support CXL RAS Features
     - Including "Patrol Scrub Control", "Error Check Scrub",
       "Performance Maitenance" and "Memory Sparing". The series
       connects CXL to EDAC.

* tag 'cxl-for-6.16' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/cxl/cxl: (53 commits)
  cxl/edac: Add CXL memory device soft PPR control feature
  cxl/edac: Add CXL memory device memory sparing control feature
  cxl/edac: Support for finding memory operation attributes from the current boot
  cxl/edac: Add support for PERFORM_MAINTENANCE command
  cxl/edac: Add CXL memory device ECS control feature
  cxl/edac: Add CXL memory device patrol scrub control feature
  cxl: Update prototype of function get_support_feature_info()
  EDAC: Update documentation for the CXL memory patrol scrub control feature
  cxl/features: Remove the inline specifier from to_cxlfs()
  cxl/feature: Remove redundant code of get supported features
  docs: ABI: Fix "firwmare" to "firmware"
  cxl/Documentation: Fix typo in sysfs write_bandwidth attribute path
  cxl: doc/linux/access-coordinates Update access coordinates calculation methods
  cxl: docs/platform/acpi/srat Add generic target documentation
  cxl: docs/platform/cdat reference documentation
  Documentation: Update the CXL Maturity Map
  cxl: Sync up the driver-api/cxl documentation
  cxl: docs - add self-referencing cross-links
  cxl: docs/allocation/hugepages
  cxl: docs/allocation/reclaim
  ...

Author: torvalds

Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-cxl

@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ Description:
 		decoding a Host Physical Address range. Note that this number
 		may be elevated without any regionX objects active or even
 		enumerated, as this may be due to decoders established by
-		platform firwmare or a previous kernel (kexec).
+		platform firmware or a previous kernel (kexec).
 
 
 What:		/sys/bus/cxl/devices/decoderX.Y
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ Description:
 
 
 What:		/sys/bus/cxl/devices/regionZ/accessY/read_bandwidth
-		/sys/bus/cxl/devices/regionZ/accessY/write_banwidth
+		/sys/bus/cxl/devices/regionZ/accessY/write_bandwidth
 Date:		Jan, 2024
 KernelVersion:	v6.9
 Contact:	linux-cxl@vger.kernel.org

Documentation/driver-api/cxl/access-coordinates.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+===========
+DAX Devices
+===========
+CXL capacity exposed as a DAX device can be accessed directly via mmap.
+Users may wish to use this interface mechanism to write their own userland
+CXL allocator, or to managed shared or persistent memory regions across multiple
+hosts.
+
+If the capacity is shared across hosts or persistent, appropriate flushing
+mechanisms must be employed unless the region supports Snoop Back-Invalidate.
+
+Note that mappings must be aligned (size and base) to the dax device's base
+alignment, which is typically 2MB - but maybe be configured larger.
+
+::
+
+  #include <stdio.h>
+  #include <stdlib.h>
+  #include <stdint.h>
+  #include <sys/mman.h>
+  #include <fcntl.h>
+  #include <unistd.h>
+
+  #define DEVICE_PATH "/dev/dax0.0" // Replace DAX device path
+  #define DEVICE_SIZE (4ULL * 1024 * 1024 * 1024) // 4GB
+
+  int main() {
+      int fd;
+      void* mapped_addr;
+
+      /* Open the DAX device */
+      fd = open(DEVICE_PATH, O_RDWR);
+      if (fd < 0) {
+          perror("open");
+          return -1;
+      }
+
+      /* Map the device into memory */
+      mapped_addr = mmap(NULL, DEVICE_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+                         MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
+      if (mapped_addr == MAP_FAILED) {
+          perror("mmap");
+          close(fd);
+          return -1;
+      }
+
+      printf("Mapped address: %p\n", mapped_addr);
+
+      /* You can now access the device through the mapped address */
+      uint64_t* ptr = (uint64_t*)mapped_addr;
+      *ptr = 0x1234567890abcdef; // Write a value to the device
+      printf("Value at address %p: 0x%016llx\n", ptr, *ptr);
+
+      /* Clean up */
+      munmap(mapped_addr, DEVICE_SIZE);
+      close(fd);
+      return 0;
+  }

Documentation/driver-api/cxl/allocation/dax.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+==========
+Huge Pages
+==========
+
+Contiguous Memory Allocator
+===========================
+CXL Memory onlined as SystemRAM during early boot is eligible for use by CMA,
+as the NUMA node hosting that capacity will be `Online` at the time CMA
+carves out contiguous capacity.
+
+CXL Memory deferred to the CXL Driver for configuration cannot have its
+capacity allocated by CMA - as the NUMA node hosting the capacity is `Offline`
+at :code:`__init` time - when CMA carves out contiguous capacity.
+
+HugeTLB
+=======
+Different huge page sizes allow different memory configurations.
+
+2MB Huge Pages
+--------------
+All CXL capacity regardless of configuration time or memory zone is eligible
+for use as 2MB huge pages.
+
+1GB Huge Pages
+--------------
+CXL capacity onlined in :code:`ZONE_NORMAL` is eligible for 1GB Gigantic Page
+allocation.
+
+CXL capacity onlined in :code:`ZONE_MOVABLE` is not eligible for 1GB Gigantic
+Page allocation.

Documentation/driver-api/cxl/allocation/hugepages.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+==================
+The Page Allocator
+==================
+
+The kernel page allocator services all general page allocation requests, such
+as :code:`kmalloc`.  CXL configuration steps affect the behavior of the page
+allocator based on the selected `Memory Zone` and `NUMA node` the capacity is
+placed in.
+
+This section mostly focuses on how these configurations affect the page
+allocator (as of Linux v6.15) rather than the overall page allocator behavior.
+
+NUMA nodes and mempolicy
+========================
+Unless a task explicitly registers a mempolicy, the default memory policy
+of the linux kernel is to allocate memory from the `local NUMA node` first,
+and fall back to other nodes only if the local node is pressured.
+
+Generally, we expect to see local DRAM and CXL memory on separate NUMA nodes,
+with the CXL memory being non-local.  Technically, however, it is possible
+for a compute node to have no local DRAM, and for CXL memory to be the
+`local` capacity for that compute node.
+
+
+Memory Zones
+============
+CXL capacity may be onlined in :code:`ZONE_NORMAL` or :code:`ZONE_MOVABLE`.
+
+As of v6.15, the page allocator attempts to allocate from the highest
+available and compatible ZONE for an allocation from the local node first.
+
+An example of a `zone incompatibility` is attempting to service an allocation
+marked :code:`GFP_KERNEL` from :code:`ZONE_MOVABLE`.  Kernel allocations are
+typically not migratable, and as a result can only be serviced from
+:code:`ZONE_NORMAL` or lower.
+
+To simplify this, the page allocator will prefer :code:`ZONE_MOVABLE` over
+:code:`ZONE_NORMAL` by default, but if :code:`ZONE_MOVABLE` is depleted, it
+will fallback to allocate from :code:`ZONE_NORMAL`.
+
+
+Zone and Node Quirks
+====================
+Let's consider a configuration where the local DRAM capacity is largely onlined
+into :code:`ZONE_NORMAL`, with no :code:`ZONE_MOVABLE` capacity present. The
+CXL capacity has the opposite configuration - all onlined in
+:code:`ZONE_MOVABLE`.
+
+Under the default allocation policy, the page allocator will completely skip
+:code:`ZONE_MOVABLE` as a valid allocation target.  This is because, as of
+Linux v6.15, the page allocator does (approximately) the following: ::
+
+  for (each zone in local_node):
+
+    for (each node in fallback_order):
+
+      attempt_allocation(gfp_flags);
+
+Because the local node does not have :code:`ZONE_MOVABLE`, the CXL node is
+functionally unreachable for direct allocation.  As a result, the only way
+for CXL capacity to be used is via `demotion` in the reclaim path.
+
+This configuration also means that if the DRAM ndoe has :code:`ZONE_MOVABLE`
+capacity - when that capacity is depleted, the page allocator will actually
+prefer CXL :code:`ZONE_MOVABLE` pages over DRAM :code:`ZONE_NORMAL` pages.
+
+We may wish to invert this priority in future Linux versions.
+
+If `demotion` and `swap` are disabled, Linux will begin to cause OOM crashes
+when the DRAM nodes are depleted. See the reclaim section for more details.
+
+
+CGroups and CPUSets
+===================
+Finally, assuming CXL memory is reachable via the page allocation (i.e. onlined
+in :code:`ZONE_NORMAL`), the :code:`cpusets.mems_allowed` may be used by
+containers to limit the accessibility of certain NUMA nodes for tasks in that
+container.  Users may wish to utilize this in multi-tenant systems where some
+tasks prefer not to use slower memory.
+
+In the reclaim section we'll discuss some limitations of this interface to
+prevent demotions of shared data to CXL memory (if demotions are enabled).
+

Documentation/driver-api/cxl/allocation/page-allocator.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+=======
+Reclaim
+=======
+Another way CXL memory can be utilized *indirectly* is via the reclaim system
+in :code:`mm/vmscan.c`.  Reclaim is engaged when memory capacity on the system
+becomes pressured based on global and cgroup-local `watermark` settings.
+
+In this section we won't discuss the `watermark` configurations, just how CXL
+memory can be consumed by various pieces of reclaim system.
+
+Demotion
+========
+By default, the reclaim system will prefer swap (or zswap) when reclaiming
+memory.  Enabling :code:`kernel/mm/numa/demotion_enabled` will cause vmscan
+to opportunistically prefer distant NUMA nodes to swap or zswap, if capacity
+is available.
+
+Demotion engages the :code:`mm/memory_tier.c` component to determine the
+next demotion node.  The next demotion node is based on the :code:`HMAT`
+or :code:`CDAT` performance data.
+
+cpusets.mems_allowed quirk
+--------------------------
+In Linux v6.15 and below, demotion does not respect :code:`cpusets.mems_allowed`
+when migrating pages.  As a result, if demotion is enabled, vmscan cannot
+guarantee isolation of a container's memory from nodes not set in mems_allowed.
+
+In Linux v6.XX and up, demotion does attempt to respect
+:code:`cpusets.mems_allowed`; however, certain classes of shared memory
+originally instantiated by another cgroup (such as common libraries - e.g.
+libc) may still be demoted.  As a result, the mems_allowed interface still
+cannot provide perfect isolation from the remote nodes.
+
+ZSwap and Node Preference
+=========================
+In Linux v6.15 and below, ZSwap allocates memory from the local node of the
+processor for the new pages being compressed.  Since pages being compressed
+are typically cold, the result is a cold page becomes promoted - only to
+be later demoted as it ages off the LRU.
+
+In Linux v6.XX, ZSwap tries to prefer the node of the page being compressed
+as the allocation target for the compression page.  This helps prevent
+thrashing.
+
+Demotion with ZSwap
+===================
+When enabling both Demotion and ZSwap, you create a situation where ZSwap
+will prefer the slowest form of CXL memory by default until that tier of
+memory is exhausted.