rust: macros: provide correct provenance when constructing THIS_MODULE

Currently while defining `THIS_MODULE` symbol in `module!()`, the
pointer used to construct `ThisModule` is derived from an immutable
reference of `__this_module`, which means the pointer doesn't have
the provenance for writing, and that means any write to that pointer
is UB regardless of data races or not. However, the usage of
`THIS_MODULE` includes passing this pointer to functions that may write
to it (probably in unsafe code), and this will create soundness issues.

One way to fix this is using `addr_of_mut!()` but that requires the
unstable feature "const_mut_refs". So instead of `addr_of_mut()!`,
an extern static `Opaque` is used here: since `Opaque<T>` is transparent
to `T`, an extern static `Opaque` will just wrap the C symbol (defined
in a C compile unit) in an `Opaque`, which provides a pointer with
writable provenance via `Opaque::get()`. This fix the potential UBs
because of pointer provenance unmatched.

Reported-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Trevor Gross <tmgross@umich.edu>
Reviewed-by: Benno Lossin <benno.lossin@proton.me>
Reviewed-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net>
Closes: https://rust-for-linux.zulipchat.com/#narrow/stream/x/topic/x/near/465412664
Fixes: 1fbde52 ("rust: add `macros` crate")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 6.6.x: be2ca1e: ("rust: types: Make Opaque::get const")
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240828180129.4046355-1-boqun.feng@gmail.com
[ Fixed two typos, reworded title. - Miguel ]
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>

Author: fbq

rust/macros/module.rs

@@ -217,7 +217,11 @@ pub(crate) fn module(ts: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
             // freed until the module is unloaded.
             #[cfg(MODULE)]
             static THIS_MODULE: kernel::ThisModule = unsafe {{
-                kernel::ThisModule::from_ptr(&kernel::bindings::__this_module as *const _ as *mut _)
+                extern \"C\" {{
+                    static __this_module: kernel::types::Opaque<kernel::bindings::module>;
+                }}
+
+                kernel::ThisModule::from_ptr(__this_module.get())
             }};
             #[cfg(not(MODULE))]
             static THIS_MODULE: kernel::ThisModule = unsafe {{