…er::getConnection($args)` params

As per doctrine#4637, `vimeo/psalm:4.6.4` cannot introduce templated parameters within a re-used imported
type: this is understandable, since imported types are copy-paste aided by the type checker, but do
not carry any template information with them (and it would be too complex to do so anyway).

Quoting the initial issue:

Minimal reproducer: https://psalm.dev/r/62a0a5854d

```php
<?php

class Connection {}
class MyConnection extends Connection{}

/**
 * @psalm-type Params = array{
 *     charset?: string,
 *     wrapperClass?: class-string<Connection>,
 * }
 */
final class DriverManager
{
    /**
     * @param array<string,mixed> $params
     * @param Configuration|null  $config       The configuration to use.
     * @param EventManager|null   $eventManager The event manager to use.
     *
     * @phpstan-param array<string,mixed> $params
     * @psalm-param Params $params
     * @psalm-return ($params is array{wrapperClass:mixed} ? T : Connection)
     * @template T of Connection
     */
    public static function getConnection(
        array $params
    ): Connection {
        throw new \Exception('irrelevant');
    }
}

function mkConnection(): MyConnection {
    return DriverManager::getConnection(['wrapperClass' => MyConnection::class]);
}
```

Which produces:

```
Psalm output (using commit aa854ae):

INFO: MixedInferredReturnType - 31:26 - Could not verify return type 'MyConnection' for mkConnection
```

The issue is that the `Param` alias type is not templated: this is potentially a psalm limitation, but also an understandable one, since there is no syntax to specify template arguments for an imported type (AFAIK).

Here is a potential fix:

https://psalm.dev/r/8ef9909bb9

```php
<?php

class Connection {}
class MyConnection extends Connection{}

/**
 * @psalm-type Params = array{
 *     charset?: string,
 *     wrapperClass?: class-string<Connection>,
 * }
 */
final class DriverManager
{
    /**
     * @psalm-param array{
     *     charset?: string,
     *     wrapperClass?: class-string<T>,
     * } $params
     * @psalm-return ($params is array{wrapperClass: mixed} ? T : Connection)
     * @template T of Connection
     */
    public static function getConnection(
        array $params
    ): Connection {
        throw new \Exception('irrelevant');
    }
}

function mkConnection(): MyConnection {
    return DriverManager::getConnection(['wrapperClass' => MyConnection::class]);
}
```

It's a bit ugly, but the idea is that we replace `Params` with the concrete definition again, but this time including `T`, so that the type inference can correctly fill the type variable with the given input:

```
Psalm output (using commit aa854ae):

No issues!
```

The idea therefore is to re-introduce some duplication at the advantage of better type inference later on.

In order to verify that the change had an effect, we introduced a new `tests/Doctrine/StaticAnalysis` directory,
to be checked via `vendor/bin/psalm -c psalm-strict.xml`, which will tell us exactly whether there are obvious
type-checker issues around our code. Since `psalm.xml.dist` uses `errorLevel="2"`, it is not sufficient to integrate
this directory within the normal workflow.

Because this project uses a custom github action for running `vimeo/psalm`, it is not really possible to run this
in CI, and therefore that part of the patch has been omitted.

It is endorsed that maintainers of `doctrine/dbal` in future:

 1. commit `composer.lock`
 2. set up dependabot to track dependency upgrades
 3. use the standard `vimeo/psalm` via `require-dev`, and run the CI static analysis checks from the same
    environment that runs normal unit/integration tests

I have tried making it more obvious what all the mandatory steps are to
get the caching feature to work.

… types match up

The normal psalm checks run in CI are not sufficient, since they run with level 2 checks
(too lax), and therefore we need a dedicated action to be run when verifying the contents
of `tests/Doctrine/StaticAnalysis`, which is designed to verify type inference and type-checking
details provided by the library.

…hole data structure equality

While it is true that such tests are accessing unknown/undocumented array keys that
are not part of the psalm type definitions, we still need to verify equality on the
retrieved data structure, in order to avoid accidentally introducing a BC break while
messing with them.

This change therefore:

 * makes the type-checker a bit happier (was failing before, due to undocumented keys)
 * makes the tests a bit more strict around potential undocumented keys in these arrays

…ore-type-inference-for-wrapped-connection-class

Fix doctrine#4637 by duplicating the type definition for `DriverManager::getConnection($args)` params

…n MySQLi Connection

[doctrineGH-4645] Use error suppression instead of an error handler in MySQLi Connection

[doctrineGH-4643] Fix SQLServerPlatform::quoteIdentifier()

Make footgun more obvious

Bump doctrine/coding-standard

Table::removeUniqueConstraint() used the wrong method (hasForeignKey())
instead of hasUniqueConstraint() to check for existing unique
constraint, causing removeUniqueConstraint() to fail unconditionally.

Also adding tests for removeUniqueConstraint().

…aint-wrong-method

Make Table::removeUniqueConstraint() actually work

* 2.13.x:
  Bump doctrine/coding-standard
  [doctrineGH-4643] Fix SQLServerPlatform::quoteIdentifier()
  [doctrineGH-4645] Use error suppression instead of an error handler in MySQLi Connection
  Rewrote `DriverManagerTest` replica/shards test scenarios to verify whole data structure equality
  Add type-inference tests to github actions, so that we test also that types match up
  Add warnings in docblocks
  Rework the caching documentation
  Fix doctrine#4637 by duplicating the type definition for `DriverManager::getConnection($args)` params

Signed-off-by: Alexander M. Turek <me@derrabus.de>