dplyr is a grammar of data manipulation, providing a consistent set of verbs that help you solve the most common data manipulation challenges:
mutate()adds new variables that are functions of existing variablesselect()picks variables based on their names.filter()picks cases based on their values.summarise()reduces multiple values down to a single summary.arrange()changes the ordering of the rows.
These all combine naturally with group_by() which allows you to perform any operation "by group". You can learn more about them in vignette("dplyr"). As well as these single-table verbs, dplyr also provides a variety of two-table verbs, which you can learn about in vignette("two-table").
dplyr is designed to abstract over how the data is stored. That means as well as working with local data frames, you can also work with remote database tables, using exactly the same R code. Install the dbplyr package then read vignette("databases", package = "dbplyr").
If you are new to dplyr, the best place to start is the data import chapter in R for data science.
# The easiest way to get dplyr is to install the whole tidyverse:
install.packages("tidyverse")
# Alternatively, install just dplyr:
install.packages("dplyr")
# Or the the development version from GitHub:
# install.packages("devtools")
devtools::install_github("tidyverse/dplyr")If you encounter a clear bug, please file a minimal reproducible example on github. For questions and other discussion, please use the manipulatr mailing list.
library(dplyr)
starwars %>%
filter(species == "Droid")
#> # A tibble: 5 × 13
#> name height mass hair_color skin_color eye_color birth_year gender
#> <chr> <int> <dbl> <chr> <chr> <chr> <dbl> <chr>
#> 1 C-3PO 167 75 <NA> gold yellow 112 <NA>
#> 2 R2-D2 96 32 <NA> white, blue red 33 <NA>
#> 3 R5-D4 97 32 <NA> white, red red NA <NA>
#> 4 IG-88 200 140 none metal red 15 none
#> 5 BB8 NA NA none none black NA none
#> # ... with 5 more variables: homeworld <chr>, species <chr>, films <list>,
#> # vehicles <list>, starships <list>
starwars %>%
select(name, ends_with("color"))
#> # A tibble: 87 × 4
#> name hair_color skin_color eye_color
#> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr>
#> 1 Luke Skywalker blond fair blue
#> 2 C-3PO <NA> gold yellow
#> 3 R2-D2 <NA> white, blue red
#> 4 Darth Vader none white yellow
#> 5 Leia Organa brown light brown
#> # ... with 82 more rows
starwars %>%
mutate(name, bmi = mass / ((height / 100) ^ 2)) %>%
select(name:mass, bmi)
#> # A tibble: 87 × 4
#> name height mass bmi
#> <chr> <int> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 Luke Skywalker 172 77 26.02758
#> 2 C-3PO 167 75 26.89232
#> 3 R2-D2 96 32 34.72222
#> 4 Darth Vader 202 136 33.33007
#> 5 Leia Organa 150 49 21.77778
#> # ... with 82 more rows
starwars %>%
arrange(desc(mass))
#> # A tibble: 87 × 13
#> name height mass hair_color skin_color
#> <chr> <int> <dbl> <chr> <chr>
#> 1 Jabba Desilijic Tiure 175 1358 <NA> green-tan, brown
#> 2 Grievous 216 159 none brown, white
#> 3 IG-88 200 140 none metal
#> 4 Darth Vader 202 136 none white
#> 5 Tarfful 234 136 brown brown
#> # ... with 82 more rows, and 8 more variables: eye_color <chr>,
#> # birth_year <dbl>, gender <chr>, homeworld <chr>, species <chr>,
#> # films <list>, vehicles <list>, starships <list>
starwars %>%
group_by(species) %>%
summarise(
n = n(),
mass = mean(mass, na.rm = TRUE)
) %>%
filter(n > 1)
#> # A tibble: 9 × 3
#> species n mass
#> <chr> <int> <dbl>
#> 1 Droid 5 69.75000
#> 2 Gungan 3 74.00000
#> 3 Human 35 82.78182
#> 4 Kaminoan 2 88.00000
#> 5 Mirialan 2 53.10000
#> # ... with 4 more rows