Handcrafted guides for doing infosec and things

zsh < command line interpreter CLI

• zsh = default Z Shell for Unix-like operating systems (e.g. macOS)

  • extended Bourne shell with features (scripting, customization, compatibility) from bash, ksh, tcsh
  • installs via package manager, if not pre-installed like on macOS
  • chsh -s /bin/zsh can be used to change shell

• alias > commands initialized into current shell session from shell configuration file

• alias dusage='du -sh * | sort -hr' > create temporary (this shell session only) alias for given command

• source ~/.zshrc > sources/updates shell "run commands rc" into current session from script .zshrc text file (script executed by shell interpreter when starting new shell session)

Environment variables in Unix-like shell

Environment is any given [shell] and variable name eg. ´PATH´

export PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/system/Library/

• export sets and makes environment variables available in child processes
• colon-separated list of directories where [shell] looks for executable commands in order
• export PATH=$PATH:/some/other/directory appends $PATH
• only trusted directories should be in $PATH

echo $PATH
/Users/username/.nvm/versions/node/v16.13.2/bin:/opt/homebrew/bin:/opt/homebrew/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/System/Cryptexes/App/usr/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/var/run/com.apple.security.cryptexd/codex.system/bootstrap/...

~/.ssh/config

Windows Terminal

|clip #copy to clipboard

wsl2

• wsl --shutdown - shuts down wsl instances if vmmem process consumes too much resources
• wsreset.exe - resets windows store (might help for "PUR Authentication failure" in MS Store)

Azure Cloudshell setup

• recommended: Windows terminal, with Powershell cloudshell

Goal

PS /home/contoso> Connect-AzureAD
PS /home/contoso> Get-AzureADUser -ObjectId 'first.last@domain.com'

Cloudshell profile

• followed a reputable guide

#returns False because no profile exists
$profile
Test-Path $profile

Create profile.ps1 to GitHub repo

function Show-HelloWorld {
    Write-Host "hello, world!"
}

Loading the profile with Set-Profile.ps1

# $profilePath contains URL to profile.ps1
$profilePath = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/joll3/azure/master/profile.ps1'
# New random GUID to prevent web client from caching file
$downloadString = '{0}?{1}' -f $profilePath, (New-Guid)
# Download profile.ps1 as string and execute to load into runspace
Invoke-Expression ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString($profilePath))

Download Set-Profile.ps1 and pipe to Set-Content cmdlet to override profile

(New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/joll3/azure/Set-Profile.ps1') | Set-Content $profile -Force

. $profile

markdown formatting

• reference-style-links to make text more readable like this: first part is easy to read inline and second part can be anywhere, i.e. at the end of document

• the difference between i.e. "id est (latin)" == "that is" and eg. "exempli gratia (latin)" == "for example" is clear and both are usually followed by a comma.

  • Merriam Webster

Git(hub)

Tldr. Gitlab and Github are competitors, with open source code manager Git as part of their offering.

Github guides

• Git Magic Guide - recommended reading to learn git
• https://stackoverflow.com/questions/448919/how-can-i-remove-a-commit-on-github git reset --hard <hashofcommit> git push --force

macOS Git setup

git --version

git version 2.39.3 (Apple Git-145)

which git

/usr/bin/git < executable run from this location

• macOS built-in git version > lets not use that, install via brew

brew install git and update symlinks/files with

brew link --overwrite git

which git to confirm executable

/opt/homebrew/bin/git

Adding global .gitignore file with git config --global core.excludesFile '~/.gitignore' > create file and append .DS_Store as new line. This changes settings in user specific ~/.gitconfig file.

git config --global user.email "5497641+joll3@users.noreply.github.com"

• noreply email address, to keep personal email addresses private
• Block command line pushes that expose my email

git config --global user.name "joll3"

Github guide for SSH authentication

1. generate keypair
2. ssh-add add keys to ssh-agent and passphrase to keychain
3. verify connection

Check for existing SSH keys ls -al ~/.ssh if none are usable generate new SSH key pair ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "your_email@example.com", add public key to target service (github.com).

Starting SSH agent in shell session with eval "$(ssh-agent -s)" prints out PID of SSH agent. SSH agent is background process that manages and provides SSH keys to SSH client programs. This helps avoid having to enter SSH passphrase repeatedly.

Adding SSH private key to ssh-agent and store passphrase in keychain ssh-add --apple-use-keychain ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

and then appending ~/.ssh/config with settings for each host.

Host github.com
  AddKeysToAgent yes
  UseKeychain yes
  IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

Changing passphrase for existing private key ssh-keygen -p -f ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 requires current passphrase.

New cryptographically secure passphrase generation straight to clipboard env LC_CTYPE=C tr -dc "a-zA-Z0-9-_\$\?" < /dev/urandom | head -c 22 | pbcopy for easy entry.

• Adding command to ~/.zshrc file may be required

Verify connection with ssh -T git@github.com

Github CLI not useful or installed

gh --version`  - outputs executable for `GitHub CLI`
> `zsh: command not found: gh

Git Credential Manager

Provides consistent and secure authentication experience, including multi-factor auth, to every source control hosting service. Not required, not used. Storing SSH keys locally for persistent connection.

Secure Git credential helper built on .NET that runs on Windows, macOS, and Linux. It aims to provide a consistent and secure authentication experience, including multi-factor auth, to every major source control hosting service and platform.

BFG Repo-Cleaner - #Github secrets leak

1. copy/download bfg-x.yy.z.jar to working directory

2. Create strings.txt which lists sensitive strings

3. java -jar ./bfg-1.14.0.jar --replace-text strings.txt

Background

Git free open source distributed version control, with a branching model. Other alternative source code manager (SCM) tools (version control systems (VCS)) exist but are not relevant. Git is inherently local and can be hosted by anyone, since its open source.

Github is a company bought by Microsoft for $7.5 billion worth of Microsoft stock in 2018.

GitLab is a 1600 person software company, first partly Ukrainian unicorn. Featured in the Gartner® "DevOps Platforms report".

DuckDuckGo email protection

• Generate Private Duck Address > browser > dev tools Network > authorization: Bearer {API token value}
• https://www.icloud.com/shortcuts/febbc87b90a24921a2399764fcafae46

SVG Scalable Vector Graphics

• https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG/Attribute

Raivo icons SVG

• use online tool Convertio to convert image file (.png .jpg etc.) to .svg
• https://developers.convertio.co/cli/ - cli version looks really good also
• https://jsfiddle.net/u9x423ph/2/ - javascript sandbox - the best one I have ever used < 2023-05-11

to see and edit .svg XML source in browser view-source:file:///{path}sf_mark_primary.svg

• scalefusion-branding-guidelines.pdf

favicon

AdoptOpenJDK - opensource JDK

Microsoft / Azure administrator

• https://testconnectivity.microsoft.com/tests/EwsTask/input - Microsoft Remote Connectivity Analyzer

SIEM homelab

• https://github.com/MISP/MISP-Taxii-Server

Pandoc markdown > pdf

pandoc file1.md -o fil1.pdf

WSL Ubuntu Docker

sudo dockerd #start docker daemon with sudo priviledges

Chromium

chrome://flags

chrome://net-internals - tools for network

• chrome://net-export - capture logs
• https://netlog-viewer.appspot.com/#import - view logs

QUIC

Created by Google in 2012. QUIC is a transport layer protocol, using HTTP/3 multiplexed connections over UDP. In contrast HTTP/2 is based on stateful TCP connections. Supports encrypted HTTP traffic in a similar role to TCP, with reduced latency and more efficient loss recovery.

Blocking Google QUIC traffic with firewall e.g. Little Snitch is almost impossible. Created blocklist.txt which had no effect on QUIC connections to youtube.com.

• https://www.reddit.com/r/networking/comments/148qz1f/why_is_there_a_general_hostility_to_quic_by/
• Cloudflare QUIC

certificates

openssl x509 -in /path/to/certificate.crt -text -noout - check certificate details

certificates for ZScaler

• microsoft/WSL#5134 (comment)
• microsoft/WSL#3161 (comment)

regex

• regex101.com
• ^\W*LOG\s(\d*)-(\d*)-(\d*) >replace> LOG $3-$2-$1
  • https://regex101.com/r/Mm2ctB/1