feat: basic definition of comonoid objects (#10091)

Co-authored-by: Scott Morrison <scott.morrison@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Scott Morrison <scott@tqft.net>

Author: kim-em

Mathlib.lean

@@ -1442,6 +1442,7 @@ import Mathlib.CategoryTheory.Monoidal.Category
 import Mathlib.CategoryTheory.Monoidal.Center
 import Mathlib.CategoryTheory.Monoidal.CoherenceLemmas
 import Mathlib.CategoryTheory.Monoidal.CommMon_
+import Mathlib.CategoryTheory.Monoidal.Comon_
 import Mathlib.CategoryTheory.Monoidal.Discrete
 import Mathlib.CategoryTheory.Monoidal.End
 import Mathlib.CategoryTheory.Monoidal.Free.Basic

Mathlib/CategoryTheory/Monoidal/Comon_.lean

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/-
+Copyright (c) 2024 Lean FRO LLC. All rights reserved.
+Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
+Authors: Kim Morrison
+-/
+import Mathlib.CategoryTheory.Monoidal.CoherenceLemmas
+import Mathlib.CategoryTheory.Limits.Shapes.Terminal
+
+/-!
+# The category of comonoids in a monoidal category.
+
+We define comonoids in a monoidal category `C`.
+
+## TODO
+* `Comon_ C ≌ Mon_ (Cᵒᵖ)`
+* An oplax monoidal functor takes comonoid objects to comonoid objects.
+  That is, a oplax monoidal functor `F : C ⥤ D` induces a functor `Comon_ C ⥤ Comon_ D`.
+* Comonoid objects in `C` are "just"
+  oplax monoidal functors from the trivial monoidal category to `C`.
+* The category of comonoids in a braided monoidal category is monoidal.
+  (It may suffice to transfer this across the equivalent to monoids in the opposite category.)
+
+-/
+
+universe v₁ v₂ u₁ u₂ u
+
+open CategoryTheory MonoidalCategory
+
+variable (C : Type u₁) [Category.{v₁} C] [MonoidalCategory.{v₁} C]
+
+/-- A comonoid object internal to a monoidal category.
+
+When the monoidal category is preadditive, this is also sometimes called a "coalgebra object".
+-/
+structure Comon_ where
+  /-- The underlying object of a comonoid object. -/
+  X : C
+  /-- The counit of a comonoid object. -/
+  counit : X ⟶ 𝟙_ C
+  /-- The comultiplication morphism of a comonoid object. -/
+  comul : X ⟶ X ⊗ X
+  counit_comul : comul ≫ (counit ▷ X) = (λ_ X).inv := by aesop_cat
+  comul_counit : comul ≫ (X ◁ counit) = (ρ_ X).inv := by aesop_cat
+  comul_assoc : comul ≫ (X ◁ comul) ≫ (α_ X X X).inv = comul ≫ (comul ▷ X) := by aesop_cat
+
+attribute [reassoc] Comon_.counit_comul Comon_.comul_counit
+
+attribute [reassoc (attr := simp)] Comon_.comul_assoc
+
+namespace Comon_
+
+/-- The trivial comonoid object. We later show this is terminal in `Comon_ C`.
+-/
+@[simps]
+def trivial : Comon_ C where
+  X := 𝟙_ C
+  counit := 𝟙 _
+  comul := (λ_ _).inv
+  comul_assoc := by coherence
+  counit_comul := by coherence
+  comul_counit := by coherence
+
+instance : Inhabited (Comon_ C) :=
+  ⟨trivial C⟩
+
+variable {C}
+variable {M : Comon_ C}
+
+@[reassoc (attr := simp)]
+theorem counit_comul_hom {Z : C} (f : M.X ⟶ Z) : M.comul ≫ (M.counit ⊗ f) = f ≫ (λ_ Z).inv := by
+  rw [leftUnitor_inv_naturality, tensorHom_def, counit_comul_assoc]
+
+@[reassoc (attr := simp)]
+theorem comul_counit_hom {Z : C} (f : M.X ⟶ Z) : M.comul ≫ (f ⊗ M.counit) = f ≫ (ρ_ Z).inv := by
+  rw [rightUnitor_inv_naturality, tensorHom_def', comul_counit_assoc]
+
+@[reassoc (attr := simp)] theorem comul_assoc_flip :
+    M.comul ≫ (M.comul ▷ M.X) ≫ (α_ M.X M.X M.X).hom = M.comul ≫ (M.X ◁ M.comul) := by
+  simp [← comul_assoc_assoc]
+
+/-- A morphism of comonoid objects. -/
+@[ext]
+structure Hom (M N : Comon_ C) where
+  /-- The underlying morphism of a morphism of comonoid objects. -/
+  hom : M.X ⟶ N.X
+  hom_counit : hom ≫ N.counit = M.counit := by aesop_cat
+  hom_comul : hom ≫ N.comul = M.comul ≫ (hom ⊗ hom) := by aesop_cat
+
+attribute [reassoc (attr := simp)] Hom.hom_counit Hom.hom_comul
+
+/-- The identity morphism on a comonoid object. -/
+@[simps]
+def id (M : Comon_ C) : Hom M M where
+  hom := 𝟙 M.X
+
+instance homInhabited (M : Comon_ C) : Inhabited (Hom M M) :=
+  ⟨id M⟩
+
+/-- Composition of morphisms of monoid objects. -/
+@[simps]
+def comp {M N O : Comon_ C} (f : Hom M N) (g : Hom N O) : Hom M O where
+  hom := f.hom ≫ g.hom
+
+instance : Category (Comon_ C) where
+  Hom M N := Hom M N
+  id := id
+  comp f g := comp f g
+
+@[ext] lemma ext {X Y : Comon_ C} {f g : X ⟶ Y} (w : f.hom = g.hom) : f = g := Hom.ext _ _ w
+
+@[simp] theorem id_hom' (M : Comon_ C) : (𝟙 M : Hom M M).hom = 𝟙 M.X := rfl
+
+@[simp]
+theorem comp_hom' {M N K : Comon_ C} (f : M ⟶ N) (g : N ⟶ K) : (f ≫ g).hom = f.hom ≫ g.hom :=
+  rfl
+
+section
+
+variable (C)
+
+/-- The forgetful functor from comonoid objects to the ambient category. -/
+@[simps]
+def forget : Comon_ C ⥤ C where
+  obj A := A.X
+  map f := f.hom
+
+end
+
+instance forget_faithful : (@forget C _ _).Faithful where
+
+instance {A B : Comon_ C} (f : A ⟶ B) [e : IsIso ((forget C).map f)] : IsIso f.hom := e
+
+/-- The forgetful functor from comonoid objects to the ambient category reflects isomorphisms. -/
+instance : (forget C).ReflectsIsomorphisms where
+  reflects f e :=
+    ⟨⟨{ hom := inv f.hom }, by aesop_cat⟩⟩
+
+/-- Construct an isomorphism of monoids by giving an isomorphism between the underlying objects
+and checking compatibility with unit and multiplication only in the forward direction.
+-/
+@[simps]
+def mkIso {M N : Comon_ C} (f : M.X ≅ N.X) (f_counit : f.hom ≫ N.counit = M.counit)
+    (f_comul : f.hom ≫ N.comul = M.comul ≫ (f.hom ⊗ f.hom)) : M ≅ N where
+  hom :=
+    { hom := f.hom
+      hom_counit := f_counit
+      hom_comul := f_comul }
+  inv :=
+    { hom := f.inv
+      hom_counit := by rw [← f_counit]; simp
+      hom_comul := by
+        rw [← cancel_epi f.hom]
+        slice_rhs 1 2 => rw [f_comul]
+        simp }
+
+instance uniqueHomToTrivial (A : Comon_ C) : Unique (A ⟶ trivial C) where
+  default :=
+    { hom := A.counit
+      hom_counit := by dsimp; simp
+      hom_comul := by dsimp; simp [A.comul_counit, unitors_inv_equal] }
+  uniq f := by
+    ext; simp
+    rw [← Category.comp_id f.hom]
+    erw [f.hom_counit]
+
+open CategoryTheory.Limits
+
+instance : HasTerminal (Comon_ C) :=
+  hasTerminal_of_unique (trivial C)
+
+end Comon_