[AArch64] Fix handling of x29/x30/x31 in inline assembly clobbers

The AArch64 backend was silently ignoring inline assembly clobbers when
numeric register names (x29, x30, x31) were used instead of their
architectural aliases (fp, lr, sp). I found this bug via inline assembly
in Zig, which not normalize the register names the way clang does.

There is an incoplete workaround for this in Rust, but that only
handles `x30/lr`, not `x29/fp` and `x31/sp`. I thought it would make
sense to fix this properly rather than adding a workaround to Zig.

This patch adds explicit handling in getRegForInlineAsmConstraint() to
map both numeric and alias forms to the correct physical registers,
following the same pattern used by the RISC-V backend.

Author: lalinsky

llvm/lib/Target/AArch64/AArch64ISelLowering.cpp

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallVectorExtras.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/StringRef.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/StringSwitch.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/Twine.h"
 #include "llvm/Analysis/LoopInfo.h"
 #include "llvm/Analysis/MemoryLocation.h"
@@ -13126,6 +13127,19 @@ AArch64TargetLowering::getRegForInlineAsmConstraint(
     return std::make_pair(unsigned(AArch64::ZT0), &AArch64::ZTRRegClass);
   }
 
+  // Clang will correctly decode the usage of register name aliases into their
+  // official names. However, other frontends like `rustc` do not. This allows
+  // users of these frontends to use the ABI names for registers in LLVM-style
+  // register constraints.
+  unsigned XRegFromAlias = StringSwitch<unsigned>(Constraint.lower())
+                               .Cases({"{x29}", "{fp}"}, AArch64::FP)
+                               .Cases({"{x30}", "{lr}"}, AArch64::LR)
+                               .Cases({"{x31}", "{sp}"}, AArch64::SP)
+                               .Default(AArch64::NoRegister);
+  if (XRegFromAlias != AArch64::NoRegister) {
+    return std::make_pair(XRegFromAlias, &AArch64::GPR64RegClass);
+  }
+
   // Use the default implementation in TargetLowering to convert the register
   // constraint into a member of a register class.
   std::pair<unsigned, const TargetRegisterClass *> Res;

llvm/test/CodeGen/AArch64/inline-asm-clobber-x29-x30.ll

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+; RUN: llc -mtriple=aarch64 -verify-machineinstrs < %s | FileCheck %s
+
+; Test that both numeric register names (x29, x30) and their architectural
+; aliases (fp, lr) work correctly as clobbers in inline assembly.
+
+define void @clobber_x29() nounwind {
+; CHECK-LABEL: clobber_x29:
+; CHECK:       str x29, [sp
+; CHECK:       ldr x29, [sp
+  tail call void asm sideeffect "", "~{x29}"()
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @clobber_fp() nounwind {
+; CHECK-LABEL: clobber_fp:
+; CHECK:       str x29, [sp
+; CHECK:       ldr x29, [sp
+  tail call void asm sideeffect "", "~{fp}"()
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @clobber_x30() nounwind {
+; CHECK-LABEL: clobber_x30:
+; CHECK:       str x30, [sp
+; CHECK:       ldr x30, [sp
+  tail call void asm sideeffect "", "~{x30}"()
+  ret void
+}
+
+define void @clobber_lr() nounwind {
+; CHECK-LABEL: clobber_lr:
+; CHECK:       str x30, [sp
+; CHECK:       ldr x30, [sp
+  tail call void asm sideeffect "", "~{lr}"()
+  ret void
+}