mathra 1.12.0

Where each marked piece is drawn, chemistry included: what a visual editor needs. And what the measured formulas still asked for: commands inside real formulas, and chemfig as its manual writes it.

What changed

• Inside real formulas. \setlength{\arraycolsep}{…} spaces the columns of the arrays and matrices after it; \lefteqn overlaps to the right in display style, as in eqnarray; \linebreak[n] is a break hint, as \allowbreak, and amsthm's \qedhere draws nothing, since an equation converted alone is not a proof. Measured on the 174,525 formulas: 39 more convert with no warning (the Stacks Project's \linebreak[0], arXiv's \qedhere and \arraycolsep), and none is drawn worse.
• chemfig as its manual writes it. A branch may start with defaults of its own, B([:60]-D-E), ([::-30,1.5]-X-Y), valid in all of it; -#(d1,d2) (or \#, \CFhash) sets the space a bond leaves before the letters; **[30,330]5(…) draws the aromatic circle as an arc, dashed when its TikZ options say so. 17 more examples of the chemfig manual convert with no warning, and none is drawn worse.
• Mechanisms and submolecules. A curved arrow of \chemmove can point at a bond, -[@{db,0.5}::30], and is read as the bond between its atoms; \definesubmol (with arguments and the dual [code1]{code2}) and !{name}; \arrow(--name[yshift=5mm]) moves the compound it brings. An unknown !{name} is drawn as written, as before, now with a warning that its definition is missing.
• The rest of the measured formulas. \noalign{\vspace{…}} and \vspace inside a formula are read as the [length] of \\ is, and \noalign{\hrule} is a rule; a \chemname breaks into lines at \\; \chemleft{[} takes its delimiter between braces; an arrow can leave a \subscheme's box; a \+ right after an arrow is drawn (it was left out); a \chemmove point may carry its own move, ([yshift=7pt]b1.180). What the 174,505 measured formulas still flag, 202 of them, is listed with the reason for each in tools/coverage/REMAINING.md.
• Marks inside chemistry. In \ce, a mark around a piece (a species, its coefficient, formula or state, an arrow with its conditions) is read through: the piece is read as chemistry and the mark goes around it. In \chemfig, a mark around an atom's label is kept on the atom (bonds still reach the same letter), and a mark on a vertex without a label gives its point. Either way the drawing is the one without the marks, and boxes says where each piece is: what lets an editor edit reactions and structures piece by piece. In a scheme, a mark around an arrow's label keeps its text as text.
• Where a structure's atoms and bonds are written. In the tree, each chemfig atom and bond has a span: the characters of the structure's code it is written in (none after a submolecule rewrote the code). An editor changes one atom or bond in place with it.
• Where each marked piece sits. render returns boxes: for each group marked with \htmlData, \htmlId or \class, the box its content was set in, in the SVG's coordinates (left, top, width, height, baseline and nesting level). What a visual editor needs to place its cursor and read clicks over the SVG; marking draws exactly what the bare formula draws, as long as a marked operator keeps its class with \mathrel{…}, \mathbin{…} (a group alone is an ordinary atom, as in TeX). In Rust, Output::boxes and Item::Group's bounds, a change to the public API.
• & in a one-column environment. \begin{gather}a&b\end{gather}, and the same in gather*, gathered, multline and multline*, is refused in strict mode, as amsmath stops on it ("Misplaced alignment tab character &"); tolerant mode warns (E-REC-9) and joins the cells into the line, which multline then aligns as any other (#288). None of the 174,505 measured formulas changes.
• Nemeth braille. A numeric subscript of a unit's letter takes no subscript indicator, as of any letter (§14.6): \si{m}_1 is ⠍⠂, as m_1; it was ⠍⠰⠂ (#287).
• Nemeth braille. \overleftarrow, \overleftrightarrow and their \under… forms are written as modified expressions with the arrow's full sign, ⠐⠭⠣⠫⠪⠒⠒⠻ (§22); they were the letter and ⠿ (#286).
• CMU braille. An expression already in ( ), [ ] or { } written with plain signs no longer takes the auxiliary parentheses ⠢…⠔ as a radicand, numerator, denominator, exponent or index: \sqrt{(a+b)} is ⠫⠱⠣⠁⠖⠃⠜, as \left(…\right) already was (§1.3); \sqrt{(a)+(b)}, two terms, keeps them (#285).
• Fixes. A tikz-cd arrow with from= starts at that cell and ends at the current one, unless to= or a direction names the end, which count from the current cell as in tikz-cd: A & B \arrow[from=1-1] and \arrow[from=1-1, to=1-2] are an arrow from A to B (they were left out, as an arrow without a direction or to itself) (#284).
• MathML. An mlabeledtr whose only cell is its label keeps the label, alone in its row; it was dropped, leaving an empty row (#283).
• Fixes. In AsciiMath, a closing bracket where an argument or a script is expected (sqrt), x^), frac(a))) leaves it empty, with a warning (E-REC-7, as a missing argument in LaTeX), and strict mode refuses it; it made the reader panic (#282).

Equations, drawn live on the project's evolution: \setlength{\arraycolsep}{2pt} \left[ \begin{array}{c|ccc} 0 & 1 & 1 & 2 \\ \hline 1 & 0 & 2 & 1 \end{array} \right] \chemfig{A-B([1]-X([4]-Z)-Y)(-[7]D)-C} \quad \chemfig{**[30,330]5(-----)} \htmlData{m=1}{x} \mathrel{\htmlData{m=2}{=}} \htmlData{m=3}{\frac{\htmlData{m=4}{a}}{\htmlData{m=5}{b}}}

Pull requests

Features

• feat(chem): chemfig branches with their own defaults, #(d1,d2) bond spacing and aromatic arcs by @matheusmota-dev-br in #276
• feat(chem): mechanism arrows to bonds, \definesubmol and compounds moved by their style by @matheusmota-dev-br in #277
• feat(tools): the coverage pipeline over real LaTeX, and an extraction that takes formulas only by @matheusmota-dev-br in #278
• feat(editor): @mathlabs/mathra-editor, a formula editor drawn by mathra by @matheusmota-dev-br in #280
• feat(editor): typing as on a calculator, matrices sized on a grid, chemistry written as math by @matheusmota-dev-br in #298

Bug fixes

• fix(latex): \setlength{\arraycolsep}, \lefteqn, \linebreak and \qedhere inside real formulas by @matheusmota-dev-br in #275
• fix: the rest of the measured formulas, and the list of what stays flagged and why by @matheusmota-dev-br in #279
• fix(asciimath): a closing bracket where an argument is expected is a missing argument, not a panic by @matheusmota-dev-br in #292
• fix(mathml): an mlabeledtr with only its label keeps the label by @matheusmota-dev-br in #289
• fix(latex): tikz-cd from= starts the arrow at that cell, with to= absolute by @matheusmota-dev-br in #291
• fix(braille): CMU leaves out the auxiliary parentheses around an expression already in brackets by @matheusmota-dev-br in #290
• fix(braille): Nemeth modifies an expression with a left arrow by @matheusmota-dev-br in #293
• fix(braille): Nemeth writes a numeric subscript of a unit without the indicator by @matheusmota-dev-br in #294
• fix(latex): & in multline, gather and gathered is refused in strict mode by @matheusmota-dev-br in #295

Documentation

• docs: the reference, the docs page and the README with what 1.11.0 brought, and text_kerning by @matheusmota-dev-br in #274
• docs: accessibility statement, issue templates and a pull request template by @matheusmota-dev-br in #297

Maintenance

• test: cover the workspace to 99.75% of lines, and a coverage floor in the checks by @matheusmota-dev-br in #281
• chore: every line and function of the workspace runs, and the checks hold it at 100% by @matheusmota-dev-br in #296

Install

	Package	Command
Rust	mathra	cargo add mathra@1.12.0
CLI	mathra-cli	cargo install mathra-cli@1.12.0
npm	@mathlabs/mathra	npm install @mathlabs/mathra@1.12.0
Python	mathra	pip install mathra==1.12.0

Full changelog: v1.11.0...v1.12.0

mathra 1.11.0

MathML and PNG out, lines that break, a fallback font, and the commands physics and chemistry papers use, measured against 174,525 formulas of real LaTeX.

What changed

• New outputs. MathML Core next to the SVG, with intent where the tree knows more than the drawing (pt-BR sen is sine), read back by mathra to the same tree; what MathML cannot draw (chemfig, diagrams, \divchave) keeps its source in an annotation (#112). PNG from the terminal and Python, with --dpi, --background and --color; the npm package leaves rasterizing to the browser (#113).
• Long equations break into lines with --max-width, { maxWidth } or max_width=: after a relation first, then after + and −, never inside a fraction or a root; the continuation starts under the right-hand side (#111).
• A fallback font for what the math font lacks: emoji from Noto Emoji (in the terminal and Python), CJK or anything else from a font you give (#125).
• Reading. Content MathML from CAS and assessment tools (#114); words in mhchem as words, \ce{sodium chloride -> sodium + chlorine} (#115); \eqref, \ref and \cite with numbers you pass in, (??) and [?] without them, as LaTeX's first run (#126, #127).
• Physics. \slashed for the Feynman slash, physics' matrices (\mqty, \pmqty, \paulimatrix…), spaced text (\qq, \qand…), the starred forms (\abs*, \dv*) and \sin[2](x); a bold \nabla under \bm; 𝟙 for \mathds{1}; the rest of esint (\ointclockwise) and upgreek (#157–#159, #165–#168).
• Packages. The rest of mathtools (\splitfrac, \adjustlimits, psmallmatrix…), siunitx 3 (\complexqty, \DeclareSIUnit, \sisetup, constant units), \definecolor and xcolor mixes, MathJax's \bbox, \enclose and \class/\style, \vv and the accents packages, unicode-math's alphabets, textcomp, KaTeX's texvc aliases (\R, \Rarr), stmaryrd and mathabx (the symbols Unicode lacks are drawn from the font's own pieces), \vdotswithin, \stackbin, \overgroup, \shoveleft, \tablenum, \root…\of, the corner delimiters (#116–#124, #169–#177).
• Chemistry and diagrams. chemfig's start options, distant bonds, \charge, -U>, \chemleft, offset double bonds; xymatrix paths through entries, \hole and 2-cells (#210, #214, #215).
• Real LaTeX. Measured on 174,525 formulas (the Stacks Project, 95 arXiv papers, the mhchem and chemfig manuals): a line break or tab is whitespace, \ before a line break is a control space, a line break in \text is a space, a measure mathra cannot read is a warning instead of a refusal, and the one crash, in a chemfig ring, is gone. Against 1.10.1, 535 more formulas convert with no warning and none is drawn worse (#206, #208–#213, #216).
• mhchem. The bonds \bond{~} (a dashed line, as mhchem draws it; it was ∼), \bond{~-}, \bond{~=}, \bond{-~-} and \bond{....} are drawn as mhchem draws them and read as what they are; an arrow label between braces is text (->[{text above}]); $…$ in a subscript is math; & and \\ inside \ce go to the alignment around it (#267–#270).
• Fixes. A chemfig label like Nu is kept whole, no longer read as N (#271); % starts a comment in strict mode; ^² reads as ^2; braces have a minimum width; \upvarrho is ϱ; \mathbf{1} is bold; \unicode{8918} is decimal; \not over a long arrow is a short slash (#128–#132, #160–#164, #202–#205, #207).
• What may change for you. An unknown command is drawn whole in red; it is no longer cut into a known one (\vertA was \vert A) (#209). A stray $, & or y__k now warns, and strict mode refuses it (#129, #130). \color[rgb]{1,0,0} is red; it came out nearly black (#122). In Rust, the tree and Options have new variants and fields: code that matches them all or lists every field needs a new arm or ..Default::default().

Equations, drawn live on the project's evolution: \mathcal{L} = -\frac{1}{4} F_{\mu\nu} F^{\mu\nu} + i \bar{\psi} \slashed{D} \psi + \left| D_\mu \phi \right|^2 - V(\phi) \sigma_x = \pmqty{0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0} \ce{Hydrogen + Oxygen -> Water} \llceil x \rrceil + \mathbf{1} \otimes \mathds{1}

Pull requests

Features

• feat: the enhancements of 2026-11-08 (#111–#125) by @matheusmota-dev-br in #151
• feat(mathml): read content MathML by @matheusmota-dev-br in #140
• feat(chem): mhchem text mode by @matheusmota-dev-br in #141
• feat(latex): \bbox and \enclose by @matheusmota-dev-br in #142
• feat(latex): \class, \style, \cssId and KaTeX's \html* attributes by @matheusmota-dev-br in #143
• feat(latex): \overgroup and \undergroup by @matheusmota-dev-br in #144
• feat(latex): \shoveleft and \shoveright in multline by @matheusmota-dev-br in #145
• feat(latex): \stackbin by @matheusmota-dev-br in #146
• feat(latex): \definecolor, \colorlet and xcolor mixes by @matheusmota-dev-br in #147
• feat(siunitx): \tablenum by @matheusmota-dev-br in #148
• feat(latex): \lightning, \Lightning, \mathbold and stmaryrd symbols by @matheusmota-dev-br in #149
• feat(latex): \vdotswithin and \shortvdotswithin by @matheusmota-dev-br in #150
• feat(core): PNG output by @matheusmota-dev-br in #152
• feat(core): automatic line breaking by @matheusmota-dev-br in #153
• feat(core): fallback fonts for characters the math font lacks by @matheusmota-dev-br in #154
• feat(core): MathML output by @matheusmota-dev-br in #155
• feat: the second round of enhancements of 2026-11-08 (#165–#177) by @matheusmota-dev-br in #200
• feat(latex): \slashed, the Feynman slash notation by @matheusmota-dev-br in #187
• feat(latex): physics' matrices, spaced text and remaining aliases by @matheusmota-dev-br in #188
• feat(latex): the rest of esint (\ointclockwise, \varointctrclockwise, \dotsint) by @matheusmota-dev-br in #189
• feat(latex): upgreek's uppercase and var letters by @matheusmota-dev-br in #190
• feat(latex): the remaining mathtools commands and environments by @matheusmota-dev-br in #191
• feat(latex): \root…\of, \leftroot, \atopwithdelims and corner delimiters by @matheusmota-dev-br in #192
• feat(latex): \vv, \accentset, \underaccent and mathabx accents by @matheusmota-dev-br in #193
• feat(latex): KaTeX's texvc aliases (\R, \N, \Rarr, \hearts…) by @matheusmota-dev-br in #194
• feat(latex): unicode-math alphabets (\mathbfcal, \symcal…) by @matheusmota-dev-br in #195
• feat(latex): textcomp and gensymb ...

mathra 1.10.1

The fonts of the mathfonts catalog, by name.

What changed

• mathfonts is a catalog of 30 OpenType math fonts that are free to share, each one checked with mathra. JavaScript gets catalogFonts() and loadFontFromCatalog(slug), and Python gets catalog_fonts() and load_font_from_catalog(slug), which keeps the file in ~/.cache/mathra. A font is downloaded only when asked for, once, and refused if it does not match the catalog's sha256, so the same name always gives the same SVG (#109).
• The playground lists the catalog's fonts in its font picker and downloads one only when it is picked.
• The Rust crate and the terminal download nothing; --font in the help points to the catalog. Loading a font from a file is unchanged, and so is what mathra draws.

Equations, drawn live on the project's evolution: e^{i\pi} + 1 = 0

Pull requests

Features

• feat: load the fonts of the mathfonts catalog by name by @matheusmota-dev-br in #109

Install

	Package	Command
Rust	mathra	cargo add mathra@1.10.1
CLI	mathra-cli	cargo install mathra-cli@1.10.1
npm	@mathlabs/mathra	npm install @mathlabs/mathra@1.10.1
Python	mathra	pip install mathra==1.10.1

Full changelog: v1.10.0...v1.10.1

mathra 1.10.0

A pen that writes the equation, and any OpenType math font.

What changed

• mathra::pen draws an SVG where a pen tip goes over each glyph's outline, rule and line in the order the layout set them, and each one fills in once drawn. It uses SMIL only, plays in a loop and needs no script. Its time follows the length of the ink. wasm gets texToPen, and the playground gets a Pen button and a Pen SVG download (#104).
• Any OpenType math font (an .otf or .ttf with a MATH table, such as Libertinus Math, Fira Math or Euler Math) can set an equation. Use MathFont::load(bytes) and Options::font in Rust, --font in the terminal, loadFont and { font } in JavaScript, and load_font and font= in Python. The playground loads one from your computer. A font without a MATH table is refused with a reason. STIX Two Math stays embedded and is the default, and without a font the SVG is unchanged (#106).
• Code that builds an Options listing every field needs the new one (..Default::default()). A missing glyph now reads "the math font has no …" (#106).

Equations, drawn live on the project's evolution: x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}

Pull requests

Features

• feat(core): a pen that writes the equation by @matheusmota-dev-br in #105
• feat(core): set an equation in any OpenType math font by @matheusmota-dev-br in #107

Maintenance

• ci: triage of issues and pull requests, and richer release notes by @matheusmota-dev-br in #103

Install

	Package	Command
Rust	mathra	cargo add mathra@1.10.0
CLI	mathra-cli	cargo install mathra-cli@1.10.0
npm	@mathlabs/mathra	npm install @mathlabs/mathra@1.10.0
Python	mathra	pip install mathra==1.10.0

Full changelog: v1.9.3...v1.10.0

mathra 1.9.3

The site, banner and icon take an identity of their own, and a new demo video.

• A slate board with a wood tray in the banner, the icon and the top of the site, where a derivation writes itself line by line. Around it the site is plain paper, or charcoal in the dark theme.
• Code blocks are colored on every page, the SVG, the tree and the reference's grammar included.
• In the reference tables the braille wraps, so the source keeps its room.
• A new 60-second demo video in the README and on the site.
• What the packages draw does not change.

Equations: x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}

mathra 1.9.2

\boldmath in bold italic, and \SI's values as siunitx prints them.

• \SI{+10}{V} leaves out the plus and \SI{.25}{V} gets its zero, as siunitx does (#97).
• \boldmath sets letters in bold italic, as TeX's bold math font does, and reaches the text of a \rotatebox (#97).

Equations: \text{{\boldmath $x$}}, \text{{\boldmath \rotatebox{90}{$x$}}}, \SI{+10}{V}, \SI{.25}{V}

mathra 1.9.1

Italic text set as a text font sets it, and \mathit's letters as one word.

• Inside \text{…}, \textit{…} and \emph{…} set their argument in italic and \itshape, \it and \em the rest of their group, with no italic correction between the letters or after a word; after \textit{…} and \emph{…} comes their last letter's correction, as LaTeX's \/, except before a period or a comma. \textit{…} in math is text in italic (L-TXT-5, #93).
• \mathit{…}'s letters make one word, with no italic correction between them, as in TeX's text font: since 1.9.0 each letter had one, as in math italic (#92).

Equations: \text{an \emph{italic} word, {\itshape and more}}, \mathit{diff} \ne diff

mathra 1.9.0

Chemistry, color, fills and math environments inside text, and TeX's italic correction at the end of a formula.

• Inside \text{…}, mhchem's \ce{…} and \pu{…} are read as in math (\text{water, \ce{H2O}}), instead of being written as is (L-CHE-1, #84).
• Inside \text{…}, \color{…} (also \color[model]{…}) colors the rest of its group and \textcolor{…}{…} its argument, math included, keeping the text's bold, small capitals or monospace (L-TXT-4, #85).
• Inside \text{…}, \hfill, \hfil and \hss take no room, as in a box of natural width, and \newline and \linebreak are a space, as \\ is (L-TXT-3, #86).
• Inside \text{…}, \begin{equation}, align, gather, multline and the other displays are read as math up to their \end, like \[…\]; array, pmatrix, cases, aligned and the other math-only environments too, with a warning (E-REC-1), since TeX refuses them in text (L-TXT-2, #87).
• A slanted letter that ends a math list gets its italic correction after it, as TeX does (Appendix G, rule 17). That covers the end of the formula, of a script, a fraction's parts, a radicand, a phantom, a lap and a table cell. In scripts, the base letter's correction stands in at the script's size. $V$ was 5.83pt wide, TeX gives 8.06pt (#89).
• layout::compose_list: a math list composed on its own, with that correction.

Equations: \text{water, \ce{H2O}, at \pu{20 mol}}, \text{the {\color{red}warm} and {\color{blue}cold} sides}, \text{so \begin{align*}a&=1\\b&=2\end{align*}}, V = f, V_0 + R_1, \frac{V}{f}, \sqrt{f}

mathra 1.8.0

Space and phantoms inside text, and text kerned as TeX kerns it.

• Inside \text{…}, \hspace{…} and \hspace*{…} add their space, and \phantom, \hphantom and \vphantom leave the room of their argument, instead of being written in red (L-TXT-3, #79).
• Options::text_kerning: text in \text{…} kerned by the pairs of TeX's OT1 Computer Modern (cmr10, cmbx10) or T1 Latin Modern (ec-lmr10, ec-lmbx10) fonts, as TeX's tables do (va, AV, To); none by default, as before (#81).
• Code that builds an Options or a layout::Context listing every field needs the new one (..Default::default()) (#81).

Equations: \text{a\hspace{1cm}b}, \text{a\phantom{xy}b}, \text{AVA Today}

mathra 1.7.1

Bold text stays bold after math inside it.

• Inside \text{…}, the text after math ($…$, \(…\), \ensuremath, \textsubscript, siunitx, graphicx boxes) keeps the bold, small capitals or monospace of its group: in \textbf{Z $x$ Z} the second Z was upright (#77).

Equations: \text{\textbf{Z $x$ Z} and \textsc{Small $x$ Caps}}