updater: Check and update VC runtime version

[derrod]

Description

Updates the updater to check the VC runtime version and install the latest version if appropiate.

Detailed changes:

• Minor version of msvcp140 is checked to be >= 40
• VC installer is downloaded from MS permalink instead of OBS mirror
• VC installer digital signature is verified before execution
• Updater is again compiled with /MT, otherwise it would also crash due to the same problem that OBS itself breaks (std::mutex changes)

Motivation and Context

Companion to #10809.

How Has This Been Tested?

Tested on VM and Windows Sandbox.

Types of changes

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• Tweak (non-breaking change to improve existing functionality)

Checklist:

• My code has been run through clang-format.
• I have read the contributing document.
• My code is not on the master branch.
• The code has been tested.
• All commit messages are properly formatted and commits squashed where appropriate.
• I have included updates to all appropriate documentation.

[RytoEX]

Looks okay at a glance. Would appreciate a second review.