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How Modern Browsers Work is a great article by Addy Osmani on browser implementation details. This is a great place to start understanding why rendering is so expensive.

Inside Chrome is a Google series on Chrome internals; it's all good material for understanding the interaction between the Blink DOM & CSS engine, the JavaScript V8 runtime, network events and the CPU and GPU.

Both articles are excellent background for NoDOM's central thesis: only by replacing Chrome's DOM, CSS & HTML rendering with a custom WASM engine designed for high performance and implemented in Data Oriented Modern C++ can offer acceptable performance.