'iowait' and 'steal' indicate specific idle/wait states, which shouldn't
be counted into CPU Utilisation. Also see
prometheus-operator/kube-prometheus#796 and
kubernetes-monitoring/kubernetes-mixin#667.

Per the iostat man page:

%idle
    Show the percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle and the
    system did not have an outstanding disk I/O request.

%iowait
     Show the percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle during
     which the system had an outstanding disk I/O request.

%steal
     Show the percentage of time spent in involuntary wait by the
     virtual CPU or CPUs while the hypervisor was servicing another
     virtual processor.

Signed-off-by: Julian Wiedmann <jwi@linux.ibm.com>

4 billion active transactions ought to be enough for anyone.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>

When Prometheus restarts it creates every series read in from the WAL,
but many of those series will be finished, and never receive any more
samples. By defering allocation of the txRing slice to when it is first
needed, we save 32 bytes per stale series.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Erik Sommer <ersotech@posteo.de>

Signed-off-by: Linas Medziunas <linas.medziunas@gmail.com>

* Cut 2.49.0-rc.0

Signed-off-by: bwplotka <bwplotka@gmail.com>

* Removed the duplicate.

Signed-off-by: bwplotka <bwplotka@gmail.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: bwplotka <bwplotka@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Arianna Vespri <arianna.vespri@yahoo.it>

Signed-off-by: Arianna Vespri <arianna.vespri@yahoo.it>

Signed-off-by: machine424 <ayoubmrini424@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Arianna Vespri <arianna.vespri@yahoo.it>

Calling `*armnetwork.InterfacesClient.Get()` doesn't work for Scale Set
VM NIC, because these use a different Resource ID format.

Use `*armnetwork.InterfacesClient.GetVirtualMachineScaleSetNetworkInterface()`
instead.  This needs both the scale set name and the instance ID, so
add an `InstanceID` field to the `virtualMachine` struct.  `InstanceID`
is empty for a VM that isn't a ScaleSetVM.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Nicholls <daniel.nicholls@resdiary.com>

Signed-off-by: bwplotka <bwplotka@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Arianna Vespri <arianna.vespri@yahoo.it>

Signed-off-by: Arianna Vespri <arianna.vespri@yahoo.it>

Cut 2.49 rc.1 + cherry pick Azure fix

Signed-off-by: Daniel Kerbel <nmdanny@gmail.com>

…duce potential flakiness

Signed-off-by: machine424 <ayoubmrini424@gmail.com>

…ffix

Signed-off-by: Arianna Vespri <arianna.vespri@yahoo.it>

Bumps [github.com/prometheus/client_golang](https://github.com/prometheus/client_golang) from 1.17.0 to 1.18.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/prometheus/client_golang/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/prometheus/client_golang/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](prometheus/client_golang@v1.17.0...v1.18.0)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/prometheus/client_golang
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

Bumps [actions/setup-node](https://github.com/actions/setup-node) from 3.8.1 to 4.0.1.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/setup-node/releases)
- [Commits](actions/setup-node@5e21ff4...b39b52d)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/setup-node
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

Otherwise the resulting string depends on find, which afaict depends on
the underlying filesystem. A stable file list make it easier to detect
UI changes in downstreams that need to track UI assets.

Signed-off-by: Jan Fajerski <jfajersk@redhat.com>

Signed-off-by: Kevin Mingtarja <kevin.mingtarja@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: Kevin Mingtarja <kevin.mingtarja@gmail.com>

…entation/examples/remote_storage/github.com/prometheus/client_golang-1.18.0

build(deps): bump github.com/prometheus/client_golang from 1.17.0 to 1.18.0 in /documentation/examples/remote_storage

Bumps [github.com/influxdata/influxdb](https://github.com/influxdata/influxdb) from 1.11.2 to 1.11.4.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/influxdata/influxdb/releases)
- [Commits](influxdata/influxdb@v1.11.2...v1.11.4)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/influxdata/influxdb
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

Bumps [github.com/prometheus/prometheus](https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus) from 0.48.0 to 0.48.1.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](v0.48.0...v0.48.1)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/prometheus/prometheus
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

Signed-off-by: Paschalis Tsilias <paschalis.tsilias@grafana.com>

remote: consider storage.ErrTooOldSample as non-retryable by returning 400

* Drop old inmemory samples

Co-authored-by: Paschalis Tsilias <paschalis.tsilias@grafana.com>
Signed-off-by: Paschalis Tsilias <paschalis.tsilias@grafana.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Tuduri <marctc@protonmail.com>

* Avoid copying timeseries when the feature is disabled

Signed-off-by: Paschalis Tsilias <paschalis.tsilias@grafana.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Tuduri <marctc@protonmail.com>

* Run gofmt

Signed-off-by: Paschalis Tsilias <paschalis.tsilias@grafana.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Tuduri <marctc@protonmail.com>

* Clarify docs

Signed-off-by: Marc Tuduri <marctc@protonmail.com>

* Add more logging info

Signed-off-by: Marc Tuduri <marctc@protonmail.com>

* Remove loggers

Signed-off-by: Marc Tuduri <marctc@protonmail.com>

* optimize function and add tests

Signed-off-by: Marc Tuduri <marctc@protonmail.com>

* Simplify filter

Signed-off-by: Marc Tuduri <marctc@protonmail.com>

* rename var

Signed-off-by: Marc Tuduri <marctc@protonmail.com>

* Update help info from metrics

Signed-off-by: Marc Tuduri <marctc@protonmail.com>

* use metrics to keep track of drop elements during buildWriteRequest

Signed-off-by: Marc Tuduri <marctc@protonmail.com>

* rename var in tests

Signed-off-by: Marc Tuduri <marctc@protonmail.com>

* pass time.Now as parameter

Signed-off-by: Marc Tuduri <marctc@protonmail.com>

* Change buildwriterequest during retries

Signed-off-by: Marc Tuduri <marctc@protonmail.com>

* Revert "Remove loggers"

This reverts commit 54f91df.

Signed-off-by: Marc Tuduri <marctc@protonmail.com>

* use log level debug for loggers

Signed-off-by: Marc Tuduri <marctc@protonmail.com>

* Fix linter

Signed-off-by: Paschalis Tsilias <paschalis.tsilias@grafana.com>

* Remove noisy debug-level logs; add 'reason' label to drop metrics

Signed-off-by: Paschalis Tsilias <paschalis.tsilias@grafana.com>

* Remove accidentally committed files

Signed-off-by: Paschalis Tsilias <paschalis.tsilias@grafana.com>

* Propagate logger to buildWriteRequest to log dropped data

Signed-off-by: Paschalis Tsilias <paschalis.tsilias@grafana.com>

* Fix docs comment

Signed-off-by: Paschalis Tsilias <paschalis.tsilias@grafana.com>

* Make drop reason more specific

Signed-off-by: Paschalis Tsilias <paschalis.tsilias@grafana.com>

* Remove unnecessary pass of logger

Signed-off-by: Paschalis Tsilias <paschalis.tsilias@grafana.com>

* Use snake_case for reason label

Signed-off-by: Paschalis Tsilias <paschalis.tsilias@grafana.com>

* Fix dropped samples metric

Signed-off-by: Paschalis Tsilias <paschalis.tsilias@grafana.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Paschalis Tsilias <paschalis.tsilias@grafana.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Tuduri <marctc@protonmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paschalis Tsilias <tpaschalis@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Paschalis Tsilias <paschalis.tsilias@grafana.com>
Co-authored-by: Paschalis Tsilias <tpaschalis@users.noreply.github.com>

ui: fix handling of scalar and string in isHeatmapData

…/file_test.go.

The loop ran indefinitely if the condition isn't met.

Before, each iteration created a new timer channel which was always outpaced by
the other timer channel with smaller duration.

minor detail: There was a memory leak: resources of the ~10 previous timers were
constantly kept. With the fix, we may keep the resources of one timer around for defaultWait
but this isn't worth the changes to make it right.

Signed-off-by: machine424 <ayoubmrini424@gmail.com>

ui: fix handling of scalar and string in isHeatmapData

…3242)

* tsdb/{index,compact}: allow using custom postings encoding format

We would like to experiment with a different postings encoding format in
Thanos so in this change I am proposing adding another argument to
`NewWriter` which would allow users to change the format if needed.
Also, wire the leveled compactor so that it would be possible to change
the format there too.

Signed-off-by: Giedrius Statkevičius <giedrius.statkevicius@vinted.com>

* tsdb/compact: use a struct for leveled compactor options

As discussed on Slack, let's use a struct for the options in leveled
compactor.

Signed-off-by: Giedrius Statkevičius <giedrius.statkevicius@vinted.com>

* tsdb: make changes after Bryan's review

- Make changes less intrusive
- Turn the postings encoder type into a function
- Add NewWriterWithEncoder()

Signed-off-by: Giedrius Statkevičius <giedrius.statkevicius@vinted.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Giedrius Statkevičius <giedrius.statkevicius@vinted.com>

Signed-off-by: bwplotka <bwplotka@gmail.com>

Cut 2.49.0-rc.2 + cherry pick of UI fix #13371

…13362)

Bumps [actions/setup-go](https://github.com/actions/setup-go) from 3.5.0 to 5.0.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/setup-go/releases)
- [Commits](actions/setup-go@6edd440...0c52d54)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/setup-go
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

Bumps [github/codeql-action](https://github.com/github/codeql-action) from 2.22.8 to 3.22.12.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/github/codeql-action/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/github/codeql-action/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](github/codeql-action@407ffaf...012739e)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github/codeql-action
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

Signed-off-by: Augustin Husson <augustin.husson@amadeus.com>

protobuf: add unit parser

Add `query analyze` command to promtool

This command analyzes the buckets of classic and native histograms,
based on data queried from the Prometheus query API, i.e. it
doesn't require direct access to the TSDB files.

Signed-off-by: Jeanette Tan <jeanette.tan@grafana.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Jeanette Tan <jeanette.tan@grafana.com>

Signed-off-by: Erik Sommer <ersotech@posteo.de>

Fixing a very small logical problem I've introduced :(.

Signed-off-by: Giedrius Statkevičius <giedrius.statkevicius@vinted.com>

This functionality is needed in downstream projects because they have a
separate component that does compaction.

Upstreaming
https://github.com/grafana/mimir-prometheus/blob/7c8e9a2a76fc729e9078889782928b2fdfe240e9/tsdb/compact.go#L323-L325.

Signed-off-by: Giedrius Statkevičius <giedrius.statkevicius@vinted.com>

tsdb/compact: fix passing merge func

Signed-off-by: bwplotka <bwplotka@gmail.com>

…mand. (#13296)

Conditions are ANDed inside the same matcher but matchers are ORed

Including unit tests for "promtool tsdb dump".

Refactor some matchers scraping utils.

Signed-off-by: machine424 <ayoubmrini424@gmail.com>

Cut 2.49.0

Signed-off-by: Bartlomiej Plotka <bwplotka@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: bwplotka <bwplotka@gmail.com>

Merge 2.49.0 release to main

This added the #13393
"EnableOverlappingCompaction" parameter to the compactor code but not to
the tsdb.Options. I forgot about that. Add it to `tsdb.Options` too and
set it to `true` in Prometheus.

Copy/paste the description from
#13393 (comment)

Signed-off-by: Giedrius Statkevičius <giedrius.statkevicius@vinted.com>

Signed-off-by: Kumar Kalpadiptya Roy <kalpadiptya.roy@outlook.com>

Signed-off-by: bwplotka <bwplotka@gmail.com>

Cut 2.49.1 with scrape q= bugfix.

Signed-off-by: bwplotka <bwplotka@gmail.com>

Cut 2.49.1 web package.

#13022)

Restore more efficient version of NewPossibleNonCounterInfo annotation

Signed-off-by: Jeanette Tan <jeanette.tan@grafana.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Jeanette Tan <jeanette.tan@grafana.com>

Signed-off-by: Marco Pracucci <marco@pracucci.com>

The slices package is added to the standard library in Go 1.21;
we need to import from the exp area to maintain compatibility with Go 1.20.

Signed-off-by: tyltr <tylitianrui@126.com>

Co-authored-by: Julien Pivotto <roidelapluie@o11y.eu>

…checks or iterations

Signed-off-by: machine424 <ayoubmrini424@gmail.com>

* Examples: link to `rate` for new users

Signed-off-by: Ted Robertson 10043369+tredondo@users.noreply.github.com
Co-authored-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>

add cluster variable to Overview dashboard

Fix regressions introduced by #13242

)

These functions are intended for humans, as robots can already sort the results
however they please. Humans like things sorted "naturally":

* https://blog.codinghorror.com/sorting-for-humans-natural-sort-order/

A similar thing has been done to Grafana, which is also used by humans:

* grafana/grafana#78024
* grafana/grafana#78494

Signed-off-by: Ivan Babrou <github@ivan.computer>

Signed-off-by: Arve Knudsen <arve.knudsen@gmail.com>

Signed-off-by: tyltr <tylitianrui@126.com>

Signed-off-by: Israel Blancas <iblancasa@gmail.com>

…rape_config (#13222)

Native Histograms: support native_histogram_min_bucket_factor in scrape_config

---------

Signed-off-by: Ziqi Zhao <zhaoziqi9146@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Björn Rabenstein <github@rabenste.in>
Co-authored-by: George Krajcsovits <krajorama@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Björn Rabenstein <github@rabenste.in>

…unter/gauge histogram (#13392)

Add warnings for histogramRate applied with isCounter not matching counter/gauge histogram

---------

Signed-off-by: Jeanette Tan <jeanette.tan@grafana.com>

…_tag

remove  obsolete build tag

scripts: sort file list in embed directive

…entation/examples/remote_storage/github.com/prometheus/prometheus-0.48.1

build(deps): bump github.com/prometheus/prometheus from 0.48.0 to 0.48.1 in /documentation/examples/remote_storage

…entation/examples/remote_storage/github.com/influxdata/influxdb-1.11.4

build(deps): bump github.com/influxdata/influxdb from 1.11.2 to 1.11.4 in /documentation/examples/remote_storage

Signed-off-by: Goutham <gouthamve@gmail.com>

Upgrade some golang dependencies for resty 2.11

…tchers-one-more

TestLabelValuesWithMatchers: Add test case

Bumps [github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go/v2](https://github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go) from 2.4.0 to 2.6.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](hetznercloud/hcloud-go@v2.4.0...v2.6.0)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go/v2
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

…b.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go/v2-2.6.0

build(deps): bump github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go/v2 from 2.4.0 to 2.6.0

chore(kubernetes): check preconditions earlier and avoid unnecessary checks or iterations

…ctions/setup-node-4.0.1

build(deps): bump actions/setup-node from 3.8.1 to 4.0.1

otlp: Minor cosmetic fixes to the update script

promql: simplify Native Histogram arithmetics

fix(discovery tests): allow requireUpdate util to timeout in discovery/file…

scrape_test.go: Increase scrape interval in TestScrapeLoopCache
to reduce potential flakiness.

…tting (#13342)

* Added diff flag for unit test to improvise readability & debugging

Signed-off-by: Rewanth Tammana <22347290+rewanthtammana@users.noreply.github.com>

* Removed blank spaces

Signed-off-by: Rewanth Tammana <22347290+rewanthtammana@users.noreply.github.com>

* Fixed linting error

Signed-off-by: Rewanth Tammana <22347290+rewanthtammana@users.noreply.github.com>

* Added cli flags to documentation

Signed-off-by: Rewanth Tammana <22347290+rewanthtammana@users.noreply.github.com>

* Revert unrrelated linting fixes

Signed-off-by: Rewanth Tammana <22347290+rewanthtammana@users.noreply.github.com>

* Fixed review suggestions

Signed-off-by: Rewanth Tammana <22347290+rewanthtammana@users.noreply.github.com>

* Cleanup

Signed-off-by: Rewanth Tammana <22347290+rewanthtammana@users.noreply.github.com>

* Updated flag description

Signed-off-by: Rewanth Tammana <22347290+rewanthtammana@users.noreply.github.com>

* Updated flag description

Signed-off-by: Rewanth Tammana <22347290+rewanthtammana@users.noreply.github.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Rewanth Tammana <22347290+rewanthtammana@users.noreply.github.com>

Prometheus is hard-coded to use a fanout storage between TSDB and
a remote storage which by default is empty.
This change detects the empty storage and skips merging between
result sets, which would make `Select()` sort results.

Bottom line: we skip a sort unless there really is some remote storage
configured.

Signed-off-by: Bryan Boreham <bjboreham@gmail.com>