aws-lambda-java-optimized-app

This project contains an AWS Lambda Maven application and scripts to package and deploy it in three different ways:

• As a Lambda function with Java 11 runtime.
• As a Lambda function with custom GraalVM Java 17 runtime packaged as the Lambda Layer.
• As a Lambda function with custom Java 19 (Amazon Corretto) runtime packaged as the Lambda layer.

All the options can be tested by the Artillery script to collect a performance benchmark.

Architecture

The architecture is presented in the picture given below.

1. The https://www.artillery.io/ load script sends requests to API Gateway

2. API gateway invokes the Lambda function written in Java

3. The Lambda function writes a simple object that consists of Amazon Request ID to DynamoDB table using the DynamoDB-enhanced library from AWS Java 2 SDK

Prerequisites

• Java 17
• Apache Maven
• AWS SAM CLI
• Docker
• Artillery

Project structure

• lambda-app: The Maven application with the code of the Lambda function
• bootstrap: The file required by a custom runtime that Lambda runs. Please read https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/runtimes-custom.html to learn more.
• build-java17-graalvm.sh: The file to build ZIP files with Lambda code and layer for GraalVM Java 17 deployment option (custom runtime).
• build-java19-custom.sh: The file to build ZIP files with Lambda code and layer for Amazon Corretto Java 19 deployment option (custom runtime).
• Dockerfile_graalvm: Docker file to build GraalVM Java 17 artifacts inside Docker container on Amazon Linux 2.
• Dockerfile_corretto19: Docker file to build Amazon Corretto Java 19 artifacts inside Docker container on Amazon Linux 2.
• loadtest.yaml: Artillery load test.
• template-java11-runtime.yaml: AWS SAM template for deployment of the application with Java 11 Lambda runtime.
• template-java17-graalvm-runtime.yaml: AWS SAM template for deployment of the application with Graal VM Java 17 custom Lambda runtime.
• template-java19-custom-runtime.yaml: AWS SAM template for deployment of the application with Amazon Corretto Java 19 custom Lambda runtime.

Build

The application can be built by three different options listed below. For custom runtimes, ensure that you have a Docker running.

Java 11 runtime

cd lambda-app/ && mvn clean package -P java11

GraalVM Java 17 custom runtime

sh ./build-java17-graalvm.sh

Amazon Corretto Java 19 custom runtime

sh ./build-java19-custom.sh

Deployment

Depending on the build option, you need a particular SAM template to deploy the artifacts crated by the build option chosen.

Java 11 runtime

sam deploy -t template-java11-runtime.yaml --stack-name java11

GraalVM Java 17 custom runtime

sam deploy -t template-java17-graalvm-runtime.yaml --stack-name java17-graalvm

Amazon Corretto Java 19 custom runtime

sam deploy -t template-java19-custom-runtime.yaml --stack-name java19-custom

Artillery load test

To test the deployed application by Artillery, you need to note the API gateway endpoint from AWS SAM Outputs and run the following command:

artillery run -t {PUT_YOUR_ENDPOINT_HERE} -v '{ "url": "/items/" }' loadtest.yaml

Cold Start and Warm Start timings

Get the Lambda Cold Start and Warm Start timings by the following CloudWatch query:

filter @type = "REPORT"
    | parse @log /\d+:\/aws\/lambda\/(?<function>.*)/
    | stats
    count(*) as invocations,
    pct(@duration+coalesce(@initDuration,0), 0) as p0,
    pct(@duration+coalesce(@initDuration,0), 25) as p25,
    pct(@duration+coalesce(@initDuration,0), 50) as p50,
    pct(@duration+coalesce(@initDuration,0), 75) as p75,
    pct(@duration+coalesce(@initDuration,0), 90) as p90,
    pct(@duration+coalesce(@initDuration,0), 95) as p95,
    pct(@duration+coalesce(@initDuration,0), 99) as p99,
    pct(@duration+coalesce(@initDuration,0), 100) as p100
    group by function, ispresent(@initDuration) as coldstart
    | sort by coldstart, function